A comprehensive resource on ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) edited by the leading authority on the subject

1.13 A View from Linear Irreversible Thermodynamics1.14 Thermodynamic Efficiency; 1.15 Cryogenic Properties of IPMNCs; 1.16 Internal and External Circulatory Properties of IPMCs; 1.16.1 IPMC-equipped Biomimetic Robotic Artificial Venus Flytrap; 1.17 Near-DC Mechanical Sensing and Energy Harvesting Capabilities of IPMNCs in Flexing, Bending and Compression Modes; 1.18 Advances in Force Density Optimization by Pre-stretching; 1.19 Biopolymeric IPMCs; 1.20 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2 Ionic Polymer Metal Composites(IPMCs) Optimal Manufacturing; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 IMPC Base Materials

1.7.2 Constitutive Equation of Nernst-Planck1.7.3 Actuation Mechanism; 1.7.4 Sensing Mechanism; 1.7.5 Charge Continuity Equation; 1.7.6 Nernst-Planck Charge Equilibrium Equations; 1.7.7 Poisson's Equation; 1.7.8 Poisson-Nernst-Planck Equation for Charge Dynamics; 1.8 Performance Characteristics; 1.8.1 Mechanical Performance; 1.9 Electrical Performance and Equivalent Circuit Considerations; 1.10 Back Relaxation Phenomenon in IPMCs and How to Prevent It; 1.11 IPMCs Made with Ionic Liquids and Encapsulation of IPMCs; 1.12 Improved IPMC Performance

2.2.1 General Considerations2.2.2 Water Structure within the IPMC Base Materials; 2.3 IPMC Manufacturing Methodologies; 2.3.1 General Considerations on IPMC Manufacturing; 2.3.2 IPMC Manufacturing Recipe; 2.3.3 3D IPMC Production Procedure; 2.3.4 Nanochemistry of the Metallization of Ionic Polymers; 2.3.5 Force Optimization; 2.3.6 Effects of Different Cations; 2.4 Additional Results on Stretched IPMCs to Enhance Force Generation and Other Physical Properties; 2.4.1 Effective Surface Electrodes; 2.4.2 Fundamentals of Surface Treatment and Chemical Plating of Electrodes

2.4.3 An Economical Approach-Physical Metal Loading2.5 New Phenomenon with Platinum-Palladium; 2.6 IPMC Scaling and 3D Manufacturing; 2.7 Technique for Making Heterogeneous IPMC Composites; 2.8 IPMCs Made with Ionic Liquids and Encapsulation of IPMCs; 2.9 Manufacturing of Ionic Biopolymeric IPMCs; 2.10 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3 Graphene-based Ionic Polymer Actuators; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Graphene-based Actuators: Brief Introduction; 3.3 Graphene-based Ionic Polymer Actuators; 3.3.1 Graphene-based Electrodes for Actuators

Cover; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMCs); 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 History of IPMCs; 1.2 Chemistry of Manufacturing IPMCs; 1.3 Introduction to Manufacturing IPMCs; 1.4 Mechanisms of Actuation and Sensing in IPMCs; 1.5 Actuation, Energy Harvesting and Sensing of IPMCs in Brief; 1.6 Mathematical Modeling of IPMC Dynamics using Linear Irreversible Thermodynamics of Forces and Fluxes in IPMCs; 1.7 Continuum Modeling of Charge Transport in Ionic Biopolymers; 1.7.1 Basic Governing Equations in Charge Transport