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Ultrasound-Induced Intensification of Electrochemical Treatment of Bulk Drug Pharmaceutical Wastewater
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-8577
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5321-7981
This study was carried out to intensify the electrochemical treatment of bulk drug pharmaceutical wastewater (BDW) using ultrasound. The effects of the operating parameters on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency were studied using a response surface methodology-based central composite design. Under optimum conditions that included an ultrasonic power of 67 W, a current density of 173 A m–2, an initial pH of 4.5, and an interelectrode distance of 0.5 cm, COD and TOC removal efficiencies were found to be 69% and 60%, respectively; the specific energy consumption was 0.69 kWh (g of COD removed)−1, and a synergistic effect of 1.1 was obtained. The morphology and topography analysis of the electrodes after the treatment confirmed continuous in situ cleaning of the electrode because of the use of ultrasound. A possible mineralization pathway based on transformation products formed (identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy) was proposed. Phytotoxicity analysis showed that the toxicity of BDW was significantly reduced and the seed germination rate increased to 85% after treatment.
Ultrasound in combination with an electrochemical process enhances the treatment of bulk drug pharmaceutical wastewater along with reductions in electrode fouling and mass transfer resistances.
Ultrasound-Induced Intensification of Electrochemical Treatment of Bulk Drug Pharmaceutical Wastewater
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-8577
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5321-7981
This study was carried out to intensify the electrochemical treatment of bulk drug pharmaceutical wastewater (BDW) using ultrasound. The effects of the operating parameters on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency were studied using a response surface methodology-based central composite design. Under optimum conditions that included an ultrasonic power of 67 W, a current density of 173 A m–2, an initial pH of 4.5, and an interelectrode distance of 0.5 cm, COD and TOC removal efficiencies were found to be 69% and 60%, respectively; the specific energy consumption was 0.69 kWh (g of COD removed)−1, and a synergistic effect of 1.1 was obtained. The morphology and topography analysis of the electrodes after the treatment confirmed continuous in situ cleaning of the electrode because of the use of ultrasound. A possible mineralization pathway based on transformation products formed (identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy) was proposed. Phytotoxicity analysis showed that the toxicity of BDW was significantly reduced and the seed germination rate increased to 85% after treatment.
Ultrasound in combination with an electrochemical process enhances the treatment of bulk drug pharmaceutical wastewater along with reductions in electrode fouling and mass transfer resistances.
Ultrasound-Induced Intensification of Electrochemical Treatment of Bulk Drug Pharmaceutical Wastewater
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-8577
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5321-7981
This study was carried out to intensify the electrochemical treatment of bulk drug pharmaceutical wastewater (BDW) using ultrasound. The effects of the operating parameters on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency were studied using a response surface methodology-based central composite design. Under optimum conditions that included an ultrasonic power of 67 W, a current density of 173 A m–2, an initial pH of 4.5, and an interelectrode distance of 0.5 cm, COD and TOC removal efficiencies were found to be 69% and 60%, respectively; the specific energy consumption was 0.69 kWh (g of COD removed)−1, and a synergistic effect of 1.1 was obtained. The morphology and topography analysis of the electrodes after the treatment confirmed continuous in situ cleaning of the electrode because of the use of ultrasound. A possible mineralization pathway based on transformation products formed (identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy) was proposed. Phytotoxicity analysis showed that the toxicity of BDW was significantly reduced and the seed germination rate increased to 85% after treatment.
Ultrasound in combination with an electrochemical process enhances the treatment of bulk drug pharmaceutical wastewater along with reductions in electrode fouling and mass transfer resistances.
Ultrasound-Induced Intensification of Electrochemical Treatment of Bulk Drug Pharmaceutical Wastewater
Patidar, Ritesh (Autor:in) / Srivastava, Vimal Chandra (Autor:in)
ACS ES&T Water ; 1 ; 1941-1954
13.08.2021
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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