Plug-in electric vehicles as dispersed energy storage interactions with a smart office building: Fid-Bau Portal

Plug-in electric vehicles as dispersed energy storage interactions with a smart office building

Dai, Qian / Duan, Shanxu / Cai, Tao / Chen, Changsong

Renewable energy resources (RESs) with plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are being gradually accepted by society for their low carbon emission merits. However, reverse power from the RES will result in the grid node's voltage rise and cause protection malfunction. As large amount of PEVs plug in the grid, their overall charging power tends to be uncertain due to their complex charging behavior. At the same time, if the renewable energy is integrated into the same grid, the gird will face a great technological challenge. In this paper, a smart building energy management system (SBEMS) is proposed to mitigate negative impact of RES and PEVs to power grid and optimize the operation of the building. The proposed SBEMS is also capable with PEVs system integration, photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting, optimization algorithm implementation, and environmental evaluation criteria. Since PV's output is sensitive to the meteorology, a 1-day-ahead power forecasting model is needed and presented. The economic system of PEVs is particularly complex, because it needs optimization across multiple time steps and is strongly influenced by tariff structures. Furthermore, the optimization problem to minimize the total building operational cost including PEVs charging cost is formulated while satisfying the supply and demand balance and complicated operating constraints of every energy supply equipment and devices. The simulation results have shown that the SBEMS can effectively reduce the PEVs charging cost, building operation cost, and the environment punishment fee. It is also important for the SBEMS to be responsible for the power grid operational indices. So the trade-off between economic consideration and load factor should be made. It is verified that the SBEMS is beneficial to the PEVs owners, building operator, environment, and grid.