Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Storm Surge and Wave Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Bridges
High winds associated with hurricanes are capable of generating damaging storm surge and waves in both coastal and inland waterbodies posing risks to bridges spanning these waterbodies. Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Katrina (2005) generated substantial loads that destroyed large portions of the superstructures of several major bridges. The total estimated repair and replacement cost for bridges damaged by Hurricane Katrina exceeded $1 billion. Additionally, traffic/route disruptions attributed to route detours until completion of repairs or replacement further adversely affected local economies. The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development and the North Carolina Department of Transportation desired a current assessment of the potential vulnerability of their bridges to loading from hurricane generated surge and waves. As part of the assessment, a bridge was categorized as vulnerable when the surge/wave forces or moments exceed the resistive forces and moments (based solely on the span dead weight) on one or more spans. Assessment of structure vulnerability consisted of several phases. The first phase involved examination of the department of transportation databases for the location of all bridges crossing waterways. Aerial photography, U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle maps, and FEMA flood maps provided the means to identify which bridges are protected by limited wave fetches, extensive vegetation canopies (limiting wave growth), and low surge elevations. These bridges were removed from further consideration. The next phase included the development of detailed storm surge and wave model (SWAN+ADCIRC) meshes to adequately resolve remaining potentially-vulnerable bridges’ locations. These models simulated all historic hurricanes passing within 50 nautical miles of any bridge within the states. A statistical analysis of the water surface elevation and significant wave height results incorporating each simulation yielded 100-year return period conditions across the entire model domain, including each bridge location. Finally, the ratio of the storm surge and wave forces or moments (along with a load factor) computed via the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Bridges Vulnerable to Coastal Storms to the dead weight of bridge spans determined the vulnerability of each coastal bridge. In Louisiana, 17 of the 100 initially considered bridges proved vulnerable. In North Carolina, 105 of the 222 initially considered bridges proved vulnerable. Accurate determination of coastal storm surge and wave conditions and vulnerabilities of coastal infrastructure leads to targeted retrofitting and replacement priorities.
Storm Surge and Wave Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Bridges
High winds associated with hurricanes are capable of generating damaging storm surge and waves in both coastal and inland waterbodies posing risks to bridges spanning these waterbodies. Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Katrina (2005) generated substantial loads that destroyed large portions of the superstructures of several major bridges. The total estimated repair and replacement cost for bridges damaged by Hurricane Katrina exceeded $1 billion. Additionally, traffic/route disruptions attributed to route detours until completion of repairs or replacement further adversely affected local economies. The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development and the North Carolina Department of Transportation desired a current assessment of the potential vulnerability of their bridges to loading from hurricane generated surge and waves. As part of the assessment, a bridge was categorized as vulnerable when the surge/wave forces or moments exceed the resistive forces and moments (based solely on the span dead weight) on one or more spans. Assessment of structure vulnerability consisted of several phases. The first phase involved examination of the department of transportation databases for the location of all bridges crossing waterways. Aerial photography, U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle maps, and FEMA flood maps provided the means to identify which bridges are protected by limited wave fetches, extensive vegetation canopies (limiting wave growth), and low surge elevations. These bridges were removed from further consideration. The next phase included the development of detailed storm surge and wave model (SWAN+ADCIRC) meshes to adequately resolve remaining potentially-vulnerable bridges’ locations. These models simulated all historic hurricanes passing within 50 nautical miles of any bridge within the states. A statistical analysis of the water surface elevation and significant wave height results incorporating each simulation yielded 100-year return period conditions across the entire model domain, including each bridge location. Finally, the ratio of the storm surge and wave forces or moments (along with a load factor) computed via the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Bridges Vulnerable to Coastal Storms to the dead weight of bridge spans determined the vulnerability of each coastal bridge. In Louisiana, 17 of the 100 initially considered bridges proved vulnerable. In North Carolina, 105 of the 222 initially considered bridges proved vulnerable. Accurate determination of coastal storm surge and wave conditions and vulnerabilities of coastal infrastructure leads to targeted retrofitting and replacement priorities.
Storm Surge and Wave Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Bridges
Dompe, P. E. (Autor:in) / McBee, J. M. (Autor:in) / Demir, H. (Autor:in)
World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015 ; 2015 ; Austin, TX
15.05.2015
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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