Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
On the shoulders of giants: Life cycle based ecodesign applied in wind energy technologies
This PhD thesis aims at environmental management in the rapidly growing wind energy sector. The objective was pursued within the applied setting of a leading wind energy company Siemens Wind Power (SWP) which operates at all points in the value chain of wind energy technologies. Life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed for four representative European wind energy plants covering onshore and offshore markets and two power generator technologies (direct drive and geared). The assessed functional unit was the supply of 1 kWh to the grid. The systems were set to include all components from the power station up to the grid. The boundaries included all life cycle stages, from extraction of raw materials to their end of life (EoL). The results showed that the energy payback time – the time it takes for a plant to generate as much energy as is used during its lifecycle - is less than one year for all plants. The greenhouse gas emissions were found to be under 7 and 11 g CO2-eq/kWh for onshore and offshore plants respectively. Impacts from offshore plants are higher due to more impact dense infrastructure (more metals); and more fuel needed for installation and maintenance. In both markets larger turbines with advanced generator technology performed better. For all plants, most of the induced environmental impacts are due to the use of materials in the infrastructure (>70% contribution to climate change). The negative impact of materials can be offset (~ 20-30% for climate change) through material recycling at the EoL due to avoided production of primary materials. Beyond climate change, focus should be placed on human toxicity and respiratory health risks from inorganic particles. The EoL being the most uncertain part of the system needs to be seen in the context of future wind energy demand. The projected growth of global wind energy (cumulative capacity growing from ~0.4 TW in 2014 to ~1.7 TW in 2050) implies a huge material demand to support a future low carbon economy. This calls for recycling maximisation ...
On the shoulders of giants: Life cycle based ecodesign applied in wind energy technologies
This PhD thesis aims at environmental management in the rapidly growing wind energy sector. The objective was pursued within the applied setting of a leading wind energy company Siemens Wind Power (SWP) which operates at all points in the value chain of wind energy technologies. Life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed for four representative European wind energy plants covering onshore and offshore markets and two power generator technologies (direct drive and geared). The assessed functional unit was the supply of 1 kWh to the grid. The systems were set to include all components from the power station up to the grid. The boundaries included all life cycle stages, from extraction of raw materials to their end of life (EoL). The results showed that the energy payback time – the time it takes for a plant to generate as much energy as is used during its lifecycle - is less than one year for all plants. The greenhouse gas emissions were found to be under 7 and 11 g CO2-eq/kWh for onshore and offshore plants respectively. Impacts from offshore plants are higher due to more impact dense infrastructure (more metals); and more fuel needed for installation and maintenance. In both markets larger turbines with advanced generator technology performed better. For all plants, most of the induced environmental impacts are due to the use of materials in the infrastructure (>70% contribution to climate change). The negative impact of materials can be offset (~ 20-30% for climate change) through material recycling at the EoL due to avoided production of primary materials. Beyond climate change, focus should be placed on human toxicity and respiratory health risks from inorganic particles. The EoL being the most uncertain part of the system needs to be seen in the context of future wind energy demand. The projected growth of global wind energy (cumulative capacity growing from ~0.4 TW in 2014 to ~1.7 TW in 2050) implies a huge material demand to support a future low carbon economy. This calls for recycling maximisation ...
On the shoulders of giants: Life cycle based ecodesign applied in wind energy technologies
Bonou, Alexandra (Autor:in)
01.01.2016
Bonou , A 2016 , On the shoulders of giants: Life cycle based ecodesign applied in wind energy technologies .
Buch
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy , SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy , SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being , /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action , /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/responsible_consumption_and_production , SDG 13 - Climate Action , SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production , /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being
DDC:
690
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