Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Parametric design and performance validation of low-cost, low-pressure drip emitters and irrigation systems
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, September, 2020 ; Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; This thesis proposes and validates methods to reduce the cost and energy use of drip irrigation systems, with the aim of increasing their adoption among smallholder farmers. By 2050, the growing world population will require a 55% increase in food production above 2010 levels. Yet, agriculture already places a large strain on the earth's resources, occupying 47% of habitable land area and comprising 70% of freshwater withdrawals. Thus, agricultural intensification needs to occur through increased efficiency, rather than increased resource consumption. While irrigation is an effective means to increase food production over rainfed land, traditional surface and overhead irrigation systems--such as flood, furrow, and sprinkler--have low water use efficiencies. Drip irrigation, which distributes water through a pressurized pipe network and slowly releases it through emitters in the immediate root zone of each crop, has been shown to increase water efficiency by 25-65% over flood or furrow irrigation. However, adoption of drip irrigation is limited by several factors, including high initial cost compared to conventional practices. To address the cost barrier to drip irrigation adoption, this work focuses on modeling, designing, and validating drip components and systems that operate at low pressures, reducing energy consumption and the costs of pumps and power systems. These savings are enabled by pressure-compensating (PC) emitters--which maintain a constant flow rate with variations in pressure--specifically designed for low-pressure operation. The first part of this thesis experimentally validates the ability of low-pressure PC online emitters (used for tree crops) designed by the MIT Global Engineering and Research Lab to reduce pumping power and energy in a series of field trials in the Middle East and North Africa. With ...
Parametric design and performance validation of low-cost, low-pressure drip emitters and irrigation systems
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, September, 2020 ; Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; This thesis proposes and validates methods to reduce the cost and energy use of drip irrigation systems, with the aim of increasing their adoption among smallholder farmers. By 2050, the growing world population will require a 55% increase in food production above 2010 levels. Yet, agriculture already places a large strain on the earth's resources, occupying 47% of habitable land area and comprising 70% of freshwater withdrawals. Thus, agricultural intensification needs to occur through increased efficiency, rather than increased resource consumption. While irrigation is an effective means to increase food production over rainfed land, traditional surface and overhead irrigation systems--such as flood, furrow, and sprinkler--have low water use efficiencies. Drip irrigation, which distributes water through a pressurized pipe network and slowly releases it through emitters in the immediate root zone of each crop, has been shown to increase water efficiency by 25-65% over flood or furrow irrigation. However, adoption of drip irrigation is limited by several factors, including high initial cost compared to conventional practices. To address the cost barrier to drip irrigation adoption, this work focuses on modeling, designing, and validating drip components and systems that operate at low pressures, reducing energy consumption and the costs of pumps and power systems. These savings are enabled by pressure-compensating (PC) emitters--which maintain a constant flow rate with variations in pressure--specifically designed for low-pressure operation. The first part of this thesis experimentally validates the ability of low-pressure PC online emitters (used for tree crops) designed by the MIT Global Engineering and Research Lab to reduce pumping power and energy in a series of field trials in the Middle East and North Africa. With ...
Parametric design and performance validation of low-cost, low-pressure drip emitters and irrigation systems
01.01.2020
1263358930
Hochschulschrift
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
DDC:
624
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Energy Reduction and Uniformity of Low-Pressure Online Drip Irrigation Emitters in Field Tests
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