Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle is a deciduous, fast-growing species that can tolerate extreme climatic conditions and is particularly invasive. In the framework of climate change, and the imperative need for carbon greenhouse gases sequestration, this species could acquire increasing importance through its utilization in the construction of wood based products and structures, due to its satisfying properties combined with its fast growth. This study determines for the first time the influence of thermal treatment, under different conditions (190 ºC, 210 ºC, 230 ºC for 2 hours), on some crucial physical, hygroscopic and mechanical properties of wood, in an attempt to improve its intense hygroscopic nature and not so desirable colour. Thermal treatment affected the dimensional stability and water absorbing capacity of wood in a positive way, decreasing EMC, swelling (tangential–radial) and adsorption percent, compared to untreated wood. The anisotropy of wood was decreased only to a small extent. The total surface colour differences (ΔΕ*), prior and after treatment, ranged between 0.48 and 54.57, and appeared to be well correlated with treatment temperature. Only the most intensive treatment influenced negatively the modulus of rupture and impact bending strength of wood, while the elasticity and compression strength of treated wood were proved to be similar to those of untreated wood. Tree-of-heaven could benefit from a mild or medium intensity heat treatment process, in order to be modified to an aesthetically pleasing wood with enhanced hygroscopic nature and properties, facilitating its use in cabinetry and in variable indoor and outdoor non-structural applications. ; Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle listopadna je, brzorastuća i invazivna vrsta drva koja je otporna na ekstremne klimatske uvjete. S gledišta klimatskih promjena i nužne potrebe za sekvestracijom stakleničkih plinova, ta bi vrsta drva zbog svojih svojstava, u kombinaciji s brzim rastom, mogla steći sve veće značenje u graditeljstvu. Ovim se istraživanjem prvi put utvrđuje utjecaj toplinske modifikacije pri različitim temperaturama na ključna fizička i mehanička svojstva drva radi smanjenja njegove higroskopnosti i dobivanja poželjnije boje. Toplinska modifikacija pozitivno je utjecala na dimenzijsku stabilnost te na smanjenje upijanja vode, ravnotežnog sadržaja vode, bubrenja (tangentno – radijalno) i adsorpcije u usporedbi s nemodificiranim drvom. Anizotropnost drva samo se neznatno smanjila. Ukupna promjena boje (ΔE*) površine drva prije i nakon toplinske modifikacije bila je u rasponu od 0,48 do 54,57 i pokazala je dobru korelaciju s temperaturom modifikacije. Samo je modifikacija s najvišom temperaturom negativno utjecala na modul loma i čvrstoću na udar, dok su elastičnost i čvrstoća na vlak toplinski modificiranog drva bili podjednaki kao i nemodificiranog drva. Slab ili umjeren postupak toplinske modifikacije može modificirati drvo pajasena u estetski ugodno drvo poboljšanih svojstava i smanjene higroskopnosti te time olakšati i proširiti njegovu uporabu u proizvodnji namještaja i nenosivih elemenata u graditeljstvu.