The special attention is given for the construction as one of the branches of human economic activities, rapidly modifying the living environment in quantitative and qualitative approaches. In this work construction is evaluated by taking into consideration principles of sustainability. In order to successfully integrate into the European Union changes of infrastructure planning and development are required, it is necessary to improve the quality of life and environment. Country policy, as well as sustainable construction issues, must be adequate to the European countries. In recent years the great attention is paid for the sustainable construction including the use of compressed straw not only in the popular literature: newspapers, magazines, but also in the scientific literature. Not only articles are written, but books as well. Scientific researches are performed in the issues of renewable construction material use as well as the dissertations are prepared. Taking this into consideration it can be stated that Lithuania will establish a state construction policy based on sustainable development criteria. However, at the moment in an attempt of sustainability in the sphere of construction industry, we have to follow general environmental, political and legal documents declaring the ideas of sustainable development. In Lithuania the possibilities of sustainable construction expansion have not been evaluated. Master thesis consists of five chapters, conclusions and suggestions and the list of used literature sources. The first chapter analyses the concept of sustainable development and its evolution. In the second one – the impact of construction sector on the environment. In the third and fourth chapters the sustainable construction is analysed, the information about straw houses, as possibly most modern ones, is provided. In the fifth chapter the evaluation of sustainable construction expansion possibilities is performed, the attitude of society and experts towards the expansion of sustainable construction is found out. During the research questionnaires were completed, also the methods of scientific literature and statistical data analysis were applied. While performing the analysis, pressed straw as the construction material was overviewd under the essential requirements for the buildings defined in the Law on Construction of Lithuania. Work results, conclusions and suggestions are useful while solving the development problems of Lithuanian cities, residential areas. Analysed and evaluated possibilities of sustainable construction expansion in Lithuania will allow popularizing and stimulating this construction, take into account the consideration of natural resources and energy, reduction of environment pollution. This can give people the possibility to live and to work and to satisfy their social and cultural needs, without infringing the environment balance.