Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Topographic and isostatic elements of verticals
In the paper the determination of topographic and isostatic redress surface influence on verticals in mountain regions is presented. Relative verticals, i.e. verticals determined on the base of astronomical and geodetic measurements, are a subject of solution. The graphic method according to J.R.Clarke for determining topographic elements (corrections) of verticals is presented. The Clarke graphic method goes out from the Newton gravitational low. This method operates with a simple topographic map and a constructed sculptured glass of sectors of sphere. Numerical procedures for the calculation of isostatic elements of verticals are based on several hypotheses (theories) about hydrostatic balance (isostatic redress) of mass in the earth crust: the Pratt hypothesis, Airy hypothesis, Hayford hypothesis and the Heiskanen hypothesis. Their hypotheses have been confirmed as theories.The presented graphic and numerical procedures in solving topographic and isostatic elements of relative verticals were applied to a model mountain conditions in the Èerme¾ valley nearby Koice. Six points at a various height were chosen on the south slope of this valley. A topographic map in the scale 1:10000 was used to determine the topographic elements of verticals. The sculpture glass of sectors of sphere following out from the theoretical procedure according to j.R.Clarke was produced. The simple software was developed to numerically solve both vertical elements, i.e. the topographic and isostatic elements.The tables in this paper give a review of the reached results in the determined topographic and isostatic elements of verticals. The values of these elements do not exceed 20" what is a maximum value for verticals in our geographical latitudes and longitudes. The presented problem of estimating of verticals is of significance in many adjustments of geodetic networks where verticals have an sizeable influence on the geodetic network accuracy.
Topographic and isostatic elements of verticals
In the paper the determination of topographic and isostatic redress surface influence on verticals in mountain regions is presented. Relative verticals, i.e. verticals determined on the base of astronomical and geodetic measurements, are a subject of solution. The graphic method according to J.R.Clarke for determining topographic elements (corrections) of verticals is presented. The Clarke graphic method goes out from the Newton gravitational low. This method operates with a simple topographic map and a constructed sculptured glass of sectors of sphere. Numerical procedures for the calculation of isostatic elements of verticals are based on several hypotheses (theories) about hydrostatic balance (isostatic redress) of mass in the earth crust: the Pratt hypothesis, Airy hypothesis, Hayford hypothesis and the Heiskanen hypothesis. Their hypotheses have been confirmed as theories.The presented graphic and numerical procedures in solving topographic and isostatic elements of relative verticals were applied to a model mountain conditions in the Èerme¾ valley nearby Koice. Six points at a various height were chosen on the south slope of this valley. A topographic map in the scale 1:10000 was used to determine the topographic elements of verticals. The sculpture glass of sectors of sphere following out from the theoretical procedure according to j.R.Clarke was produced. The simple software was developed to numerically solve both vertical elements, i.e. the topographic and isostatic elements.The tables in this paper give a review of the reached results in the determined topographic and isostatic elements of verticals. The values of these elements do not exceed 20" what is a maximum value for verticals in our geographical latitudes and longitudes. The presented problem of estimating of verticals is of significance in many adjustments of geodetic networks where verticals have an sizeable influence on the geodetic network accuracy.
Topographic and isostatic elements of verticals
Sedlák Vladimír (Autor:in)
2003
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Unbekannt
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