Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Aerosol black carbon at an urban site-Srinagar, Northwestern Himalaya, India: Seasonality, sources, meteorology and radiative forcing
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-2206
AbstractBlack carbon (BC) mass concentration was measured first-time at a high altitude urban site-Srinagar (1600 m asl), in northwestern Himalaya, India using an Aethalometer during 2013 to study temporal variations (monthly, diurnal and seasonal), meteorological influences, source and its radiative forcing. Diurnal variations with two peaks (at 8–10 h and 20–23 h) and two dips (at 13–17 h and 0–3 h) were observed throughout the year with varying magnitude. November and April showed the highest (13.6 μg/m3) and the lowest (3.4 μg/m3) mean monthly BC concentration respectively. Seasonally, autumn displayed the highest (9.2 μg/m3) and spring the lowest (3.5 μg/m3) mean BC concentration. Annual average BC concentration was quite higher (6 μg/m3) than those reported for other high altitude stations. Wind speed, Minimum temperature and total precipitation showed a clear negative correlation with BC (r = −0.63, −0.51 and −0.55 respectively), while as, the evening relative humidity showed positive correlation (r = 0.56). During autumn, spring and winter seasons, the main source of BC at Srinagar is the biomass burning, while during summer season, equal contribution of BC is from fossil fuel and biomass burning. Back trajectory simulations revealed that, except summer, westerly air masses are the dominant winds, transporting BC from central Asia, west Asia, south Asia, Africa and some parts of Europe to Srinagar adding to its local sources. Clear-sky short wave radiative forcing of atmosphere due to BC was highest (58.2 W m-2) during autumn which leads to the increase in lower atmospheric heating rate by 1.6 K/d. The high concentration of BC observed over the high-altitude Himalayan Kashmir region has serious implications for the regional climate, hydrology and cryosphere which needs to be investigated.
HighlightsAverage BC at Srinagar is the highest among all the observed high altitude Himalayan sites.Seasonally autumn and spring showed the highest and lowest BC concentration respectively.Charcoal making during autumn and ignition of coal and wood during winter significantly increases BC.Weather influences the BC variability and Westerlies carry BC to the site from the surrounding domain.BC radiative forcing is highest in autumn resulting in the rise of atmospheric heating rate by 1.6 K/day.
Aerosol black carbon at an urban site-Srinagar, Northwestern Himalaya, India: Seasonality, sources, meteorology and radiative forcing
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-2206
AbstractBlack carbon (BC) mass concentration was measured first-time at a high altitude urban site-Srinagar (1600 m asl), in northwestern Himalaya, India using an Aethalometer during 2013 to study temporal variations (monthly, diurnal and seasonal), meteorological influences, source and its radiative forcing. Diurnal variations with two peaks (at 8–10 h and 20–23 h) and two dips (at 13–17 h and 0–3 h) were observed throughout the year with varying magnitude. November and April showed the highest (13.6 μg/m3) and the lowest (3.4 μg/m3) mean monthly BC concentration respectively. Seasonally, autumn displayed the highest (9.2 μg/m3) and spring the lowest (3.5 μg/m3) mean BC concentration. Annual average BC concentration was quite higher (6 μg/m3) than those reported for other high altitude stations. Wind speed, Minimum temperature and total precipitation showed a clear negative correlation with BC (r = −0.63, −0.51 and −0.55 respectively), while as, the evening relative humidity showed positive correlation (r = 0.56). During autumn, spring and winter seasons, the main source of BC at Srinagar is the biomass burning, while during summer season, equal contribution of BC is from fossil fuel and biomass burning. Back trajectory simulations revealed that, except summer, westerly air masses are the dominant winds, transporting BC from central Asia, west Asia, south Asia, Africa and some parts of Europe to Srinagar adding to its local sources. Clear-sky short wave radiative forcing of atmosphere due to BC was highest (58.2 W m-2) during autumn which leads to the increase in lower atmospheric heating rate by 1.6 K/d. The high concentration of BC observed over the high-altitude Himalayan Kashmir region has serious implications for the regional climate, hydrology and cryosphere which needs to be investigated.
HighlightsAverage BC at Srinagar is the highest among all the observed high altitude Himalayan sites.Seasonally autumn and spring showed the highest and lowest BC concentration respectively.Charcoal making during autumn and ignition of coal and wood during winter significantly increases BC.Weather influences the BC variability and Westerlies carry BC to the site from the surrounding domain.BC radiative forcing is highest in autumn resulting in the rise of atmospheric heating rate by 1.6 K/day.
Aerosol black carbon at an urban site-Srinagar, Northwestern Himalaya, India: Seasonality, sources, meteorology and radiative forcing
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-2206
AbstractBlack carbon (BC) mass concentration was measured first-time at a high altitude urban site-Srinagar (1600 m asl), in northwestern Himalaya, India using an Aethalometer during 2013 to study temporal variations (monthly, diurnal and seasonal), meteorological influences, source and its radiative forcing. Diurnal variations with two peaks (at 8–10 h and 20–23 h) and two dips (at 13–17 h and 0–3 h) were observed throughout the year with varying magnitude. November and April showed the highest (13.6 μg/m3) and the lowest (3.4 μg/m3) mean monthly BC concentration respectively. Seasonally, autumn displayed the highest (9.2 μg/m3) and spring the lowest (3.5 μg/m3) mean BC concentration. Annual average BC concentration was quite higher (6 μg/m3) than those reported for other high altitude stations. Wind speed, Minimum temperature and total precipitation showed a clear negative correlation with BC (r = −0.63, −0.51 and −0.55 respectively), while as, the evening relative humidity showed positive correlation (r = 0.56). During autumn, spring and winter seasons, the main source of BC at Srinagar is the biomass burning, while during summer season, equal contribution of BC is from fossil fuel and biomass burning. Back trajectory simulations revealed that, except summer, westerly air masses are the dominant winds, transporting BC from central Asia, west Asia, south Asia, Africa and some parts of Europe to Srinagar adding to its local sources. Clear-sky short wave radiative forcing of atmosphere due to BC was highest (58.2 W m-2) during autumn which leads to the increase in lower atmospheric heating rate by 1.6 K/d. The high concentration of BC observed over the high-altitude Himalayan Kashmir region has serious implications for the regional climate, hydrology and cryosphere which needs to be investigated.
HighlightsAverage BC at Srinagar is the highest among all the observed high altitude Himalayan sites.Seasonally autumn and spring showed the highest and lowest BC concentration respectively.Charcoal making during autumn and ignition of coal and wood during winter significantly increases BC.Weather influences the BC variability and Westerlies carry BC to the site from the surrounding domain.BC radiative forcing is highest in autumn resulting in the rise of atmospheric heating rate by 1.6 K/day.
Aerosol black carbon at an urban site-Srinagar, Northwestern Himalaya, India: Seasonality, sources, meteorology and radiative forcing
Bhat, Mudasir Ahmad (Autor:in) / Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad (Autor:in) / Beig, Gufran (Autor:in)
Atmospheric Environment ; 165 ; 336-348
04.07.2017
13 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Estimation of Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing in Southern India
| Springer Verlag | 2024