Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Measurement of fugitive volatile organic compound emissions from a petrochemical tank farm using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
Abstract Fugitive emission of air pollutants is conventionally estimated based on standard emission factors. The Vertical Radial Plume Mapping (VRPM) technique, as described in the US EPA OTM-10, is designed to measure emission flux by directly monitoring the concentration of the plume crossing a vertical plane downwind of the site of interest. This paper describes the evaluation results of implementing VRPM in a complex industrial setting (a petrochemical tank farm). The vertical plane was constructed from five retroreflectors and an open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The VRPM configuration was approximately 189.2 m in width × 30.7 m in height. In the accompanying tracer gas experiment, the bias of the VRPM estimate was less than 2% and its 95% confidence interval contained the true release rate. Emission estimates of the target VOCs (benzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, p-xylene, and toluene) ranged from 0.86 to 2.18 g s−1 during the 14-day field campaign, while estimates based on the standard emission factors were one order of magnitude lower, possibly leading to an underestimation of the impact of these fugitive emissions on air quality and human health. It was also demonstrated that a simplified 3-beam geometry (i.e., without one dimensional scanning lines) resulted in higher uncertainties in the emission estimates.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Fugitive emissions were measured in a petrochemical tank farm. Measured emissions of the target pollutants ranged from 0.86 to 2.18 g s−1. The 3-beam geometry resulted in higher uncertainties than the 5-beam geometry. Estimates based on standard emission factors were underestimated significantly.
Measurement of fugitive volatile organic compound emissions from a petrochemical tank farm using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
Abstract Fugitive emission of air pollutants is conventionally estimated based on standard emission factors. The Vertical Radial Plume Mapping (VRPM) technique, as described in the US EPA OTM-10, is designed to measure emission flux by directly monitoring the concentration of the plume crossing a vertical plane downwind of the site of interest. This paper describes the evaluation results of implementing VRPM in a complex industrial setting (a petrochemical tank farm). The vertical plane was constructed from five retroreflectors and an open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The VRPM configuration was approximately 189.2 m in width × 30.7 m in height. In the accompanying tracer gas experiment, the bias of the VRPM estimate was less than 2% and its 95% confidence interval contained the true release rate. Emission estimates of the target VOCs (benzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, p-xylene, and toluene) ranged from 0.86 to 2.18 g s−1 during the 14-day field campaign, while estimates based on the standard emission factors were one order of magnitude lower, possibly leading to an underestimation of the impact of these fugitive emissions on air quality and human health. It was also demonstrated that a simplified 3-beam geometry (i.e., without one dimensional scanning lines) resulted in higher uncertainties in the emission estimates.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Fugitive emissions were measured in a petrochemical tank farm. Measured emissions of the target pollutants ranged from 0.86 to 2.18 g s−1. The 3-beam geometry resulted in higher uncertainties than the 5-beam geometry. Estimates based on standard emission factors were underestimated significantly.
Measurement of fugitive volatile organic compound emissions from a petrochemical tank farm using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
Wu, Chang-Fu (Autor:in) / Wu, Tzong-gang (Autor:in) / Hashmonay, Ram A. (Autor:in) / Chang, Shih-Ying (Autor:in) / Wu, Yu-Syuan (Autor:in) / Chao, Chun-Ping (Autor:in) / Hsu, Cheng-Ping (Autor:in) / Chase, Michael J. (Autor:in) / Kagann, Robert H. (Autor:in)
Atmospheric Environment ; 82 ; 335-342
15.10.2013
8 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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