Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
The higher oxides of nitrogen: Unintended products of technological progress
Abstract The higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx), of which nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide are the most important, pose serious health hazards in some occupations such as welding, agriculture, and mining. The NOx are also important constituents of photochemical air pollution. At high concentrations, NO2 can cause lung injury that may be fatal due to the accumulation of edema fluid in the lungs, usually several hours after exposure. At low concentrations, such as those observed in air pollution, the NOx) may impair resistance to respiratory tract infections. The history of NOx exposure reflects industrial and technological development since the 19th century. Occasional accidental exposures to nitric acid fumes produced the earliest casualties. At the turn of the century the munitions industry and underground mining saw many cases. In 1929 the catastrophic Cleveland Clinic Fire resulted in many deaths due to the inhalation of NOx from burning nitrocellulose X-ray film. Recognition of NO2 exposure as the cause of “silo-fillers' disease” came in the 1950s, 42 yr after the first description of this potentially fatal lung disease in agricultural workers. Since World War II, occupational standards for NO2 have been greatly tightened and the key role of the NOx in photochemical air pollution has been established. Present standards are in need of review in the light of new information, and a reduction in the occupational standard from 5.0 ppm time weighted average (TWA) to 1.0 ppm TWA is considered appropriate.
The higher oxides of nitrogen: Unintended products of technological progress
Abstract The higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx), of which nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide are the most important, pose serious health hazards in some occupations such as welding, agriculture, and mining. The NOx are also important constituents of photochemical air pollution. At high concentrations, NO2 can cause lung injury that may be fatal due to the accumulation of edema fluid in the lungs, usually several hours after exposure. At low concentrations, such as those observed in air pollution, the NOx) may impair resistance to respiratory tract infections. The history of NOx exposure reflects industrial and technological development since the 19th century. Occasional accidental exposures to nitric acid fumes produced the earliest casualties. At the turn of the century the munitions industry and underground mining saw many cases. In 1929 the catastrophic Cleveland Clinic Fire resulted in many deaths due to the inhalation of NOx from burning nitrocellulose X-ray film. Recognition of NO2 exposure as the cause of “silo-fillers' disease” came in the 1950s, 42 yr after the first description of this potentially fatal lung disease in agricultural workers. Since World War II, occupational standards for NO2 have been greatly tightened and the key role of the NOx in photochemical air pollution has been established. Present standards are in need of review in the light of new information, and a reduction in the occupational standard from 5.0 ppm time weighted average (TWA) to 1.0 ppm TWA is considered appropriate.
The higher oxides of nitrogen: Unintended products of technological progress
Guidotti, Tee L. (Autor:in)
Environmental International ; 3 ; 69-77
09.06.1979
9 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
| DOAJ | 2018
Witnessing technological progress
| British Library Online Contents | 1998
Law of Unintended Consequences
| British Library Online Contents | 2007
Unintended Ice-melting Consequences
| British Library Online Contents | 2013
| British Library Online Contents | 2016