Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Quantification of aldehydes emissions from alternative and renewable aviation fuels using a gas turbine engine
Abstract In this research three renewable aviation fuel blends including two HEFA (Hydrotreated Ester and Fatty Acid) blends and one FAE (Fatty Acids Ethyl Ester) blend with conventional Jet A-1 along with a GTL (Gas To Liquid) fuel have been tested for their aldehydes emissions on a small gas turbine engine. Three strong ozone formation precursors: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were measured in the exhaust at different operational modes and compared to neat Jet A-1. The aim is to assess the impact of renewable and alternative aviation fuels on aldehydes emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines so as to provide informed knowledge for the future deployment of new fuels in aviation. The results show that formaldehyde was a major aldehyde species emitted with a fraction of around 60% of total measured aldehydes emissions for all fuels. Acrolein was the second major emitted aldehyde species with a fraction of ∼30%. Acetaldehyde emissions were very low for all the fuels and below the detention limit of the instrument. The formaldehyde emissions at cold idle were up to two to threefold higher than that at full power. The fractions of formaldehyde were 6–10% and 20% of total hydrocarbon emissions in ppm at idle and full power respectively and doubled on a g kg−1-fuel basis.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Formaldehyde is a major aldehyde species (∼60% of total aldehydes) for all fuels. Acetaldehyde emissions are below 2–3 ppm for all fuels. HEFA fuel blends had the same level of formaldehyde emissions as Jet A-1. Neat GTL fuel and FAE blend had the lowest formaldehyde emissions. Formaldehyde emissions were 2–3 times higher at idle than that at full power.
Quantification of aldehydes emissions from alternative and renewable aviation fuels using a gas turbine engine
Abstract In this research three renewable aviation fuel blends including two HEFA (Hydrotreated Ester and Fatty Acid) blends and one FAE (Fatty Acids Ethyl Ester) blend with conventional Jet A-1 along with a GTL (Gas To Liquid) fuel have been tested for their aldehydes emissions on a small gas turbine engine. Three strong ozone formation precursors: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were measured in the exhaust at different operational modes and compared to neat Jet A-1. The aim is to assess the impact of renewable and alternative aviation fuels on aldehydes emissions from aircraft gas turbine engines so as to provide informed knowledge for the future deployment of new fuels in aviation. The results show that formaldehyde was a major aldehyde species emitted with a fraction of around 60% of total measured aldehydes emissions for all fuels. Acrolein was the second major emitted aldehyde species with a fraction of ∼30%. Acetaldehyde emissions were very low for all the fuels and below the detention limit of the instrument. The formaldehyde emissions at cold idle were up to two to threefold higher than that at full power. The fractions of formaldehyde were 6–10% and 20% of total hydrocarbon emissions in ppm at idle and full power respectively and doubled on a g kg−1-fuel basis.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Formaldehyde is a major aldehyde species (∼60% of total aldehydes) for all fuels. Acetaldehyde emissions are below 2–3 ppm for all fuels. HEFA fuel blends had the same level of formaldehyde emissions as Jet A-1. Neat GTL fuel and FAE blend had the lowest formaldehyde emissions. Formaldehyde emissions were 2–3 times higher at idle than that at full power.
Quantification of aldehydes emissions from alternative and renewable aviation fuels using a gas turbine engine
Li, Hu (Autor:in) / Altaher, Mohamed A. (Autor:in) / Wilson, Chris W. (Autor:in) / Blakey, Simon (Autor:in) / Chung, Winson (Autor:in) / Rye, Lucas (Autor:in)
Atmospheric Environment ; 84 ; 373-379
25.11.2013
7 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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