Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
The effect of contemporary mine emissions on children's blood lead levels
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-3701
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7598-9982
Abstract Background Broken Hill is home to Australia's oldest silver–zinc–lead mine. However, the precise source of childhood blood lead (PbB) exposures has been subject to considerable debate. Lead sources include natural soil Pb enrichment, legacy deposition, contemporary mining emissions, and Pb-based paint. Objective To test whether contemporary mining emissions independently affect childhood PbB in Broken Hill. Methods Children's (<5 years old) PbB measures from 2011 to 2015 (n = 4852), obtained from Broken Hill Child & Family Health Centre, were analyzed using generalised linear regression models, including covariates of household soil Pb, city dust Pb concentrations (PbD), demographic factors and Pb ore production. Two natural experiments involving wind direction and the 2009 dust storm were examined to test whether the PbB-distance gradient from the mining operations was influenced by contemporary emissions. The influence of contemporary emissions was further interrogated by examining the effect of ore production on PbB and PbD. Results Children living downwind and proximate to the mine had substantially higher PbB outcomes than children similarly distant but upwind. Dust Pb deposition increased significantly with proximity to mining operations as well to Pb production (1991–2013). Average annual PbB correlated with Pb ore production (p < 0.01) with all subsets of children PbB levels responding with near unit elasticity to Pb ore production (p < 0.01). Pre- and post-analysis of the dust storm showed the PbB-distance gradient remained statistically unaltered further confirming contemporary emissions as a source of exposure. Conclusions Contemporary mining emissions influence children's PbB measures independent of other sources and need to be remediated to facilitate reductions in harmful exposure.
Highlights Approximately 43% of sampled children under 5 have a blood Pb (PbB) > 5 μg/dL. Aboriginal PbB is approximately double that of other children (7.03 vs 3.70 μg/dL). PbB is more elevated closest to the mine and in the prevailing wind direction. PbB is statistically associated with variations in Pb ore production. Legacy soil Pb is less important than Pb from ongoing mining emissions.
The effect of contemporary mine emissions on children's blood lead levels
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-3701
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7598-9982
Abstract Background Broken Hill is home to Australia's oldest silver–zinc–lead mine. However, the precise source of childhood blood lead (PbB) exposures has been subject to considerable debate. Lead sources include natural soil Pb enrichment, legacy deposition, contemporary mining emissions, and Pb-based paint. Objective To test whether contemporary mining emissions independently affect childhood PbB in Broken Hill. Methods Children's (<5 years old) PbB measures from 2011 to 2015 (n = 4852), obtained from Broken Hill Child & Family Health Centre, were analyzed using generalised linear regression models, including covariates of household soil Pb, city dust Pb concentrations (PbD), demographic factors and Pb ore production. Two natural experiments involving wind direction and the 2009 dust storm were examined to test whether the PbB-distance gradient from the mining operations was influenced by contemporary emissions. The influence of contemporary emissions was further interrogated by examining the effect of ore production on PbB and PbD. Results Children living downwind and proximate to the mine had substantially higher PbB outcomes than children similarly distant but upwind. Dust Pb deposition increased significantly with proximity to mining operations as well to Pb production (1991–2013). Average annual PbB correlated with Pb ore production (p < 0.01) with all subsets of children PbB levels responding with near unit elasticity to Pb ore production (p < 0.01). Pre- and post-analysis of the dust storm showed the PbB-distance gradient remained statistically unaltered further confirming contemporary emissions as a source of exposure. Conclusions Contemporary mining emissions influence children's PbB measures independent of other sources and need to be remediated to facilitate reductions in harmful exposure.
Highlights Approximately 43% of sampled children under 5 have a blood Pb (PbB) > 5 μg/dL. Aboriginal PbB is approximately double that of other children (7.03 vs 3.70 μg/dL). PbB is more elevated closest to the mine and in the prevailing wind direction. PbB is statistically associated with variations in Pb ore production. Legacy soil Pb is less important than Pb from ongoing mining emissions.
The effect of contemporary mine emissions on children's blood lead levels
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-3701
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7598-9982
Abstract Background Broken Hill is home to Australia's oldest silver–zinc–lead mine. However, the precise source of childhood blood lead (PbB) exposures has been subject to considerable debate. Lead sources include natural soil Pb enrichment, legacy deposition, contemporary mining emissions, and Pb-based paint. Objective To test whether contemporary mining emissions independently affect childhood PbB in Broken Hill. Methods Children's (<5 years old) PbB measures from 2011 to 2015 (n = 4852), obtained from Broken Hill Child & Family Health Centre, were analyzed using generalised linear regression models, including covariates of household soil Pb, city dust Pb concentrations (PbD), demographic factors and Pb ore production. Two natural experiments involving wind direction and the 2009 dust storm were examined to test whether the PbB-distance gradient from the mining operations was influenced by contemporary emissions. The influence of contemporary emissions was further interrogated by examining the effect of ore production on PbB and PbD. Results Children living downwind and proximate to the mine had substantially higher PbB outcomes than children similarly distant but upwind. Dust Pb deposition increased significantly with proximity to mining operations as well to Pb production (1991–2013). Average annual PbB correlated with Pb ore production (p < 0.01) with all subsets of children PbB levels responding with near unit elasticity to Pb ore production (p < 0.01). Pre- and post-analysis of the dust storm showed the PbB-distance gradient remained statistically unaltered further confirming contemporary emissions as a source of exposure. Conclusions Contemporary mining emissions influence children's PbB measures independent of other sources and need to be remediated to facilitate reductions in harmful exposure.
Highlights Approximately 43% of sampled children under 5 have a blood Pb (PbB) > 5 μg/dL. Aboriginal PbB is approximately double that of other children (7.03 vs 3.70 μg/dL). PbB is more elevated closest to the mine and in the prevailing wind direction. PbB is statistically associated with variations in Pb ore production. Legacy soil Pb is less important than Pb from ongoing mining emissions.
The effect of contemporary mine emissions on children's blood lead levels
Dong, Chenyin (Autor:in) / Taylor, Mark Patrick (Autor:in) / Zahran, Sammy (Autor:in)
Environmental International ; 122 ; 91-103
12.09.2018
13 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
The effect of contemporary mine emissions on children's blood lead levels
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