Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Long-term characterisation of directional wave spectra in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-4611
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-6851
Highlights Multi-modal spectra are more abundant in the Black Sea. Multi-modal sea state does not necessarily reflect higher energy in the total wave spectrum. Peak densities, frequencies and directions depend on number of peaks in wave spectra. The first peaks in the wave spectra are generally derived from two dominant directions. Unimodal sea states may contain more energy at low frequencies in several locations.
Abstract Directional wave spectra describe complex sea-states in frequency and directional domains and provide more detailed information than the bulk wave parameters. Using hourly directional wave spectra hindcasted for 42 years (1979–2020), this study aims to assess long-term spectral wave climate in the Black and Azov Seas. Variance densities are averaged over the frequencies and directions for annual, seasonal, and monthly scales to determine spectral wave climate. Furthermore, The individual wave systems observed in each directional wave spectra are determined by referring to the independent spectral peak at each observation. The different sea state conditions, including the uni-modal and multi-modal wave systems, are classified and analysed; The energy, frequency, and direction of the three first prominent individual wave system peaks are deeply evaluated as a function of the sea state conditions. Occurrences as the function of spectral peak density and directions of the prominent individual wave system peaks are also computed and discussed. The results reveal that multi-modal spectra are more frequent, although the highest peak density values and lowest peak frequencies were observed within the wave spectra of uni-modal sea states. The spectral peak densities, frequencies, and directions depend on the number of wave systems in the wave spectrum and geographic location. The first peaks in the wave spectra are primarily derived from two dominant directions, and ∼54 % of the peaks had a density greater than 2 m2/Hz. In contrast, second and third peaks in the wave spectra are typically derived from three or more dominant directions and rarely exceed 2 m2/Hz density.
Long-term characterisation of directional wave spectra in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-4611
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-6851
Highlights Multi-modal spectra are more abundant in the Black Sea. Multi-modal sea state does not necessarily reflect higher energy in the total wave spectrum. Peak densities, frequencies and directions depend on number of peaks in wave spectra. The first peaks in the wave spectra are generally derived from two dominant directions. Unimodal sea states may contain more energy at low frequencies in several locations.
Abstract Directional wave spectra describe complex sea-states in frequency and directional domains and provide more detailed information than the bulk wave parameters. Using hourly directional wave spectra hindcasted for 42 years (1979–2020), this study aims to assess long-term spectral wave climate in the Black and Azov Seas. Variance densities are averaged over the frequencies and directions for annual, seasonal, and monthly scales to determine spectral wave climate. Furthermore, The individual wave systems observed in each directional wave spectra are determined by referring to the independent spectral peak at each observation. The different sea state conditions, including the uni-modal and multi-modal wave systems, are classified and analysed; The energy, frequency, and direction of the three first prominent individual wave system peaks are deeply evaluated as a function of the sea state conditions. Occurrences as the function of spectral peak density and directions of the prominent individual wave system peaks are also computed and discussed. The results reveal that multi-modal spectra are more frequent, although the highest peak density values and lowest peak frequencies were observed within the wave spectra of uni-modal sea states. The spectral peak densities, frequencies, and directions depend on the number of wave systems in the wave spectrum and geographic location. The first peaks in the wave spectra are primarily derived from two dominant directions, and ∼54 % of the peaks had a density greater than 2 m2/Hz. In contrast, second and third peaks in the wave spectra are typically derived from three or more dominant directions and rarely exceed 2 m2/Hz density.
Long-term characterisation of directional wave spectra in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-4611
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-6851
Highlights Multi-modal spectra are more abundant in the Black Sea. Multi-modal sea state does not necessarily reflect higher energy in the total wave spectrum. Peak densities, frequencies and directions depend on number of peaks in wave spectra. The first peaks in the wave spectra are generally derived from two dominant directions. Unimodal sea states may contain more energy at low frequencies in several locations.
Abstract Directional wave spectra describe complex sea-states in frequency and directional domains and provide more detailed information than the bulk wave parameters. Using hourly directional wave spectra hindcasted for 42 years (1979–2020), this study aims to assess long-term spectral wave climate in the Black and Azov Seas. Variance densities are averaged over the frequencies and directions for annual, seasonal, and monthly scales to determine spectral wave climate. Furthermore, The individual wave systems observed in each directional wave spectra are determined by referring to the independent spectral peak at each observation. The different sea state conditions, including the uni-modal and multi-modal wave systems, are classified and analysed; The energy, frequency, and direction of the three first prominent individual wave system peaks are deeply evaluated as a function of the sea state conditions. Occurrences as the function of spectral peak density and directions of the prominent individual wave system peaks are also computed and discussed. The results reveal that multi-modal spectra are more frequent, although the highest peak density values and lowest peak frequencies were observed within the wave spectra of uni-modal sea states. The spectral peak densities, frequencies, and directions depend on the number of wave systems in the wave spectrum and geographic location. The first peaks in the wave spectra are primarily derived from two dominant directions, and ∼54 % of the peaks had a density greater than 2 m2/Hz. In contrast, second and third peaks in the wave spectra are typically derived from three or more dominant directions and rarely exceed 2 m2/Hz density.
Long-term characterisation of directional wave spectra in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
Amarouche, Khalid (Autor:in) / Akpınar, Adem (Autor:in)
Applied Ocean Research ; 141
23.10.2023
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
FRONTIER EXPLORATION: Black Sea, Sea of Azov survey
Online Contents | 1994
The Azov-Black Sea Coast of Russia: An Experience of Artificial Beach Formation
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 1993
MWAVES DIRECTIONAL WAVE SPECTRA SOFTWARE
| British Library Online Contents | 2003