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Urinary biomarkers of flame retardant exposure among collegiate U.S. gymnasts
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-0222
Abstract Flame retardants are widely used in polyurethane foam materials including gymnastics safety equipment such as pit cubes and landing mats. We previously reported elevated concentrations of flame retardants in the air and dust of a U.S. gymnastics training facility and elevated PentaBDE in the serum of collegiate gymnasts. Our objective in this pilot study was to compare urinary biomarkers of exposure to other flame retardants and additives of polyurethane foam including tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and 2-ethylhexyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) in samples collected from 11 collegiate gymnasts before and after a gymnastics practice (n=53 urine samples total). We identified a 50% increase in the TPHP biomarker (p=0.03) from before to after practice, a non-significant 22% increase in the TDCIPP biomarker (p=0.14) and no change for the EH-TBB biomarker. These preliminary results indicate that the gymnastics training environment can be a source of recreational exposure to flame retardants. Such exposures are likely widespread, as we identified flame retardants in 89% of foam samples collected from gyms across the U.S.
Graphical abstract A flame retardant found in the loose foam pit was also found as a metabolite in gymnast urine; levels were significantly higher after practice compared to before practice. Display Omitted
Highlights The urinary metabolite of triphenyl phosphate increased from before to after a gymnastics practice. Triphenyl phosphate was identified in polyurethane foam cubes from the loose foam pit. Flame retardants were detected in 89% of pit cubes collected from across the U.S. The gymnastics training environment can be a source of exposure to organophosphate flame retardants.
Urinary biomarkers of flame retardant exposure among collegiate U.S. gymnasts
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-0222
Abstract Flame retardants are widely used in polyurethane foam materials including gymnastics safety equipment such as pit cubes and landing mats. We previously reported elevated concentrations of flame retardants in the air and dust of a U.S. gymnastics training facility and elevated PentaBDE in the serum of collegiate gymnasts. Our objective in this pilot study was to compare urinary biomarkers of exposure to other flame retardants and additives of polyurethane foam including tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and 2-ethylhexyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) in samples collected from 11 collegiate gymnasts before and after a gymnastics practice (n=53 urine samples total). We identified a 50% increase in the TPHP biomarker (p=0.03) from before to after practice, a non-significant 22% increase in the TDCIPP biomarker (p=0.14) and no change for the EH-TBB biomarker. These preliminary results indicate that the gymnastics training environment can be a source of recreational exposure to flame retardants. Such exposures are likely widespread, as we identified flame retardants in 89% of foam samples collected from gyms across the U.S.
Graphical abstract A flame retardant found in the loose foam pit was also found as a metabolite in gymnast urine; levels were significantly higher after practice compared to before practice. Display Omitted
Highlights The urinary metabolite of triphenyl phosphate increased from before to after a gymnastics practice. Triphenyl phosphate was identified in polyurethane foam cubes from the loose foam pit. Flame retardants were detected in 89% of pit cubes collected from across the U.S. The gymnastics training environment can be a source of exposure to organophosphate flame retardants.
Urinary biomarkers of flame retardant exposure among collegiate U.S. gymnasts
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-0222
Abstract Flame retardants are widely used in polyurethane foam materials including gymnastics safety equipment such as pit cubes and landing mats. We previously reported elevated concentrations of flame retardants in the air and dust of a U.S. gymnastics training facility and elevated PentaBDE in the serum of collegiate gymnasts. Our objective in this pilot study was to compare urinary biomarkers of exposure to other flame retardants and additives of polyurethane foam including tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and 2-ethylhexyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) in samples collected from 11 collegiate gymnasts before and after a gymnastics practice (n=53 urine samples total). We identified a 50% increase in the TPHP biomarker (p=0.03) from before to after practice, a non-significant 22% increase in the TDCIPP biomarker (p=0.14) and no change for the EH-TBB biomarker. These preliminary results indicate that the gymnastics training environment can be a source of recreational exposure to flame retardants. Such exposures are likely widespread, as we identified flame retardants in 89% of foam samples collected from gyms across the U.S.
Graphical abstract A flame retardant found in the loose foam pit was also found as a metabolite in gymnast urine; levels were significantly higher after practice compared to before practice. Display Omitted
Highlights The urinary metabolite of triphenyl phosphate increased from before to after a gymnastics practice. Triphenyl phosphate was identified in polyurethane foam cubes from the loose foam pit. Flame retardants were detected in 89% of pit cubes collected from across the U.S. The gymnastics training environment can be a source of exposure to organophosphate flame retardants.
Urinary biomarkers of flame retardant exposure among collegiate U.S. gymnasts
Carignan, Courtney C. (Autor:in) / Fang, Mingliang (Autor:in) / Stapleton, Heather M. (Autor:in) / Heiger-Bernays, Wendy (Autor:in) / McClean, Michael D. (Autor:in) / Webster, Thomas F. (Autor:in)
Environmental International ; 94 ; 362-368
26.06.2016
7 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
BDCIPP , bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate , DPHP , diphenyl phosphate , EH-TBB , 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate , FM550 , Firemaster® 550 , MDL , method detection limit , MPP , methylated phenyl phosphates , PBDE , polybrominated diphenyl ether , PUF , polyurethane foam , SG , specific gravity , TBBA , tetra-bromo benzoic acid , TBPP , tris-isobutlyated triphenyl phosphate , TCPP , tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate , TDCIPP , tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate , TPHP , triphenyl phosphate , Flame retardants , Organophosphorus compounds , Environmental exposure , Gymnastics
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