Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Diverse cities or the systematic paradox of Urban Scaling Laws
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-3901
AbstractScaling laws are powerful summaries of the variations of urban attributes with city size. However, the validity of their universal meaning for cities is hampered by the observation that different scaling regimes can be encountered for the same territory, time and attribute, depending on the criteria used to delineate cities. The aim of this paper is to present new insights concerning this variation, coupled with a sensitivity analysis of urban scaling in France, for several socio-economic and infrastructural attributes from data collected exhaustively at the local level. The sensitivity analysis considers different aggregations of local units for which data are given by the Population Census. We produce a large variety of definitions of cities (approximatively 5000) by aggregating local Census units corresponding to the systematic combination of three definitional criteria: density, commuting flows and population cutoffs. We then measure the magnitude of scaling estimations and their sensitivity to city definitions for several urban indicators, showing for example that simple population cutoffs impact dramatically on the results obtained for a given system and attribute. Variations are interpreted with respect to the meaning of the attributes (socio-economic descriptors as well as infrastructure) and the urban definitions used (understood as the combination of the three criteria). Because of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) and of the heterogeneous morphologies and social landscapes in the cities' internal space, scaling estimations are subject to large variations, distorting many of the conclusions on which generative models are based. We conclude that examining scaling variations might be an opportunity to understand better the inner composition of cities with regard to their size, i.e. to link the scales of the city-system with the system of cities.
Graphical abstract
HighlightsUrban Scaling Values are not universal, they significantly and non-trivially depend on the way one constructs cities from census areal data.The socioeconomic Diversity within cities responds differently to size effects between cities.There are groups of urban attributes (infrastructure, daily services, etc.) which share similar distributions within cities and between cities.The scaling behaviour of these groups varies similarly with city definition.
Diverse cities or the systematic paradox of Urban Scaling Laws
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-3901
AbstractScaling laws are powerful summaries of the variations of urban attributes with city size. However, the validity of their universal meaning for cities is hampered by the observation that different scaling regimes can be encountered for the same territory, time and attribute, depending on the criteria used to delineate cities. The aim of this paper is to present new insights concerning this variation, coupled with a sensitivity analysis of urban scaling in France, for several socio-economic and infrastructural attributes from data collected exhaustively at the local level. The sensitivity analysis considers different aggregations of local units for which data are given by the Population Census. We produce a large variety of definitions of cities (approximatively 5000) by aggregating local Census units corresponding to the systematic combination of three definitional criteria: density, commuting flows and population cutoffs. We then measure the magnitude of scaling estimations and their sensitivity to city definitions for several urban indicators, showing for example that simple population cutoffs impact dramatically on the results obtained for a given system and attribute. Variations are interpreted with respect to the meaning of the attributes (socio-economic descriptors as well as infrastructure) and the urban definitions used (understood as the combination of the three criteria). Because of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) and of the heterogeneous morphologies and social landscapes in the cities' internal space, scaling estimations are subject to large variations, distorting many of the conclusions on which generative models are based. We conclude that examining scaling variations might be an opportunity to understand better the inner composition of cities with regard to their size, i.e. to link the scales of the city-system with the system of cities.
Graphical abstract
HighlightsUrban Scaling Values are not universal, they significantly and non-trivially depend on the way one constructs cities from census areal data.The socioeconomic Diversity within cities responds differently to size effects between cities.There are groups of urban attributes (infrastructure, daily services, etc.) which share similar distributions within cities and between cities.The scaling behaviour of these groups varies similarly with city definition.
Diverse cities or the systematic paradox of Urban Scaling Laws
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-3901
AbstractScaling laws are powerful summaries of the variations of urban attributes with city size. However, the validity of their universal meaning for cities is hampered by the observation that different scaling regimes can be encountered for the same territory, time and attribute, depending on the criteria used to delineate cities. The aim of this paper is to present new insights concerning this variation, coupled with a sensitivity analysis of urban scaling in France, for several socio-economic and infrastructural attributes from data collected exhaustively at the local level. The sensitivity analysis considers different aggregations of local units for which data are given by the Population Census. We produce a large variety of definitions of cities (approximatively 5000) by aggregating local Census units corresponding to the systematic combination of three definitional criteria: density, commuting flows and population cutoffs. We then measure the magnitude of scaling estimations and their sensitivity to city definitions for several urban indicators, showing for example that simple population cutoffs impact dramatically on the results obtained for a given system and attribute. Variations are interpreted with respect to the meaning of the attributes (socio-economic descriptors as well as infrastructure) and the urban definitions used (understood as the combination of the three criteria). Because of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) and of the heterogeneous morphologies and social landscapes in the cities' internal space, scaling estimations are subject to large variations, distorting many of the conclusions on which generative models are based. We conclude that examining scaling variations might be an opportunity to understand better the inner composition of cities with regard to their size, i.e. to link the scales of the city-system with the system of cities.
Graphical abstract
HighlightsUrban Scaling Values are not universal, they significantly and non-trivially depend on the way one constructs cities from census areal data.The socioeconomic Diversity within cities responds differently to size effects between cities.There are groups of urban attributes (infrastructure, daily services, etc.) which share similar distributions within cities and between cities.The scaling behaviour of these groups varies similarly with city definition.
Diverse cities or the systematic paradox of Urban Scaling Laws
Cottineau, Clémentine (Autor:in) / Hatna, Erez (Autor:in) / Arcaute, Elsa (Autor:in) / Batty, Michael (Autor:in)
Computers, Environments and Urban Systems ; 63 ; 80-94
20.04.2016
15 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Diverse cities or the systematic paradox of Urban Scaling Laws
| Online Contents | 2017
Diverse cities or the systematic paradox of Urban Scaling Laws
| Online Contents | 2016