Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Effects of light duty gasoline vehicle emission standards in the United States on ozone and particulate matter
Abstract More stringent motor vehicle emission standards are being considered in the United States to attain national air quality standards for ozone and PM2.5. We modeled past, present and potential future US emission standards for on-road gasoline-fueled light duty vehicles (including both cars and light trucks) (LDVs) to assess incremental air quality benefits in the eastern US in 2022. The modeling results show that large benefits in ozone and PM2.5 (up to 16 ppb (14%) reductions in daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 10 ppb (11%) reductions in the monthly mean of daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 4.5 μg m−3 (9%) reductions in maximum 24-h PM2.5 and up to 2.1 μg m−3 (10%) reductions in the monthly mean PM2.5) accrued from the transition from Tier 1 to Tier 2 standards. However, the implementation of additional nationwide LDV controls similar to draft proposed California LEV III regulations would result in very small additional improvements in air quality by 2022 (up to 0.3 ppb (0.3%) reductions in daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 0.2 ppb (0.2%) reductions in the monthly mean of daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 0.1 μg m−3 (0.5%) reductions in maximum 24-h PM2.5 and up to 0.1 μg m−3 (0.5%) reductions in the monthly mean PM2.5). The complete elimination of gasoline-fueled LDV emissions in 2022 is predicted to result in improvements in air quality (up to 7 ppb (8%) reductions in daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 4 ppb (6%) reductions in the monthly mean of daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 2.8 μg m−3 (7%) reductions in maximum 24-h PM2.5 and up to 1.8 μg m−3 (8%) reductions in the monthly mean PM2.5) from Tier 2 levels, that are generally smaller than the improvements obtained in switching from Tier 1 to Tier 2.
Highlights ► Simulations of the incremental benefits of successive US LDV emissions standards. ► Tier 1, Tier 2, hypothetical nationwide LEV III standard and zero-out LDV scenario. ► Calculated ozone and PM reductions assuming each standard is prevailing in 2022. ► Tier 2 to LEV III switch offers very small benefit compared to Tier 1 to 2 change. ► Benefit of eliminating LDVs is smaller than the benefit from Tier 1 to 2 transition.
Effects of light duty gasoline vehicle emission standards in the United States on ozone and particulate matter
Abstract More stringent motor vehicle emission standards are being considered in the United States to attain national air quality standards for ozone and PM2.5. We modeled past, present and potential future US emission standards for on-road gasoline-fueled light duty vehicles (including both cars and light trucks) (LDVs) to assess incremental air quality benefits in the eastern US in 2022. The modeling results show that large benefits in ozone and PM2.5 (up to 16 ppb (14%) reductions in daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 10 ppb (11%) reductions in the monthly mean of daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 4.5 μg m−3 (9%) reductions in maximum 24-h PM2.5 and up to 2.1 μg m−3 (10%) reductions in the monthly mean PM2.5) accrued from the transition from Tier 1 to Tier 2 standards. However, the implementation of additional nationwide LDV controls similar to draft proposed California LEV III regulations would result in very small additional improvements in air quality by 2022 (up to 0.3 ppb (0.3%) reductions in daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 0.2 ppb (0.2%) reductions in the monthly mean of daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 0.1 μg m−3 (0.5%) reductions in maximum 24-h PM2.5 and up to 0.1 μg m−3 (0.5%) reductions in the monthly mean PM2.5). The complete elimination of gasoline-fueled LDV emissions in 2022 is predicted to result in improvements in air quality (up to 7 ppb (8%) reductions in daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 4 ppb (6%) reductions in the monthly mean of daily maximum 8-h ozone, up to 2.8 μg m−3 (7%) reductions in maximum 24-h PM2.5 and up to 1.8 μg m−3 (8%) reductions in the monthly mean PM2.5) from Tier 2 levels, that are generally smaller than the improvements obtained in switching from Tier 1 to Tier 2.
Highlights ► Simulations of the incremental benefits of successive US LDV emissions standards. ► Tier 1, Tier 2, hypothetical nationwide LEV III standard and zero-out LDV scenario. ► Calculated ozone and PM reductions assuming each standard is prevailing in 2022. ► Tier 2 to LEV III switch offers very small benefit compared to Tier 1 to 2 change. ► Benefit of eliminating LDVs is smaller than the benefit from Tier 1 to 2 transition.
Effects of light duty gasoline vehicle emission standards in the United States on ozone and particulate matter
Vijayaraghavan, Krish (Autor:in) / Lindhjem, Chris (Autor:in) / DenBleyker, Allison (Autor:in) / Nopmongcol, Uarporn (Autor:in) / Grant, John (Autor:in) / Tai, Edward (Autor:in) / Yarwood, Greg (Autor:in)
Atmospheric Environment ; 60 ; 109-120
30.05.2012
12 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Particulate matter speciation profiles for light-duty gasoline vehicles in the United States
| Taylor & Francis Verlag | 2014
| Taylor & Francis Verlag | 2007