Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Aromatic organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols: Synthesis, characterization, and abundance
Abstract Aromatic organosulfates are identified and quantified in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from Lahore, Pakistan, Godavari, Nepal, and Pasadena, California. To support detection and quantification, authentic standards of phenyl sulfate, benzyl sulfate, 3- and 4-methylphenyl sulfate and 2-, 3-, and 4-methylbenzyl sulfate were synthesized. Authentic standards and aerosol samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to negative electrospray ionization (ESI) quadrupole time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometry. Benzyl sulfate was present in all three locations at concentrations ranging from 4 to 90 pg m−3. Phenyl sulfate, methylphenyl sulfates and methylbenzyl sulfates were observed intermittently with abundances of 4 pg m−3, 2–31 pg m−3, 109 pg m−3, respectively. Characteristic fragment ions of aromatic organosulfates include the sulfite radical (SO3 −, m/z 80) and the sulfate radical (SO4 −, m/z 96). Instrumental response factors of phenyl and benzyl sulfates varied by a factor of 4.3, indicating that structurally-similar organosulfates have significantly different instrumental responses and highlighting the need to develop authentic standards for absolute quantitation organosulfates. In an effort to better understand the sources of aromatic organosulfates to the atmosphere, chamber experiments with the precursor toluene were conducted under conditions that form biogenic organosulfates. Aromatic organosulfates were not detected in the chamber samples, suggesting that they form through different pathways, have different precursors (e.g. naphthalene or methylnaphthalene), or are emitted from primary sources.
Highlights Homologous series of benzyl and phenyl sulfates were synthesized. Aromatic organosulfates were identified and quantified in ambient aerosol. Major ESI fragments of aromatic organosulfates are sulfite and sulfate radicals. Toluene chamber experiments did not generate aromatic organosulfates.
Aromatic organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols: Synthesis, characterization, and abundance
Abstract Aromatic organosulfates are identified and quantified in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from Lahore, Pakistan, Godavari, Nepal, and Pasadena, California. To support detection and quantification, authentic standards of phenyl sulfate, benzyl sulfate, 3- and 4-methylphenyl sulfate and 2-, 3-, and 4-methylbenzyl sulfate were synthesized. Authentic standards and aerosol samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to negative electrospray ionization (ESI) quadrupole time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometry. Benzyl sulfate was present in all three locations at concentrations ranging from 4 to 90 pg m−3. Phenyl sulfate, methylphenyl sulfates and methylbenzyl sulfates were observed intermittently with abundances of 4 pg m−3, 2–31 pg m−3, 109 pg m−3, respectively. Characteristic fragment ions of aromatic organosulfates include the sulfite radical (SO3 −, m/z 80) and the sulfate radical (SO4 −, m/z 96). Instrumental response factors of phenyl and benzyl sulfates varied by a factor of 4.3, indicating that structurally-similar organosulfates have significantly different instrumental responses and highlighting the need to develop authentic standards for absolute quantitation organosulfates. In an effort to better understand the sources of aromatic organosulfates to the atmosphere, chamber experiments with the precursor toluene were conducted under conditions that form biogenic organosulfates. Aromatic organosulfates were not detected in the chamber samples, suggesting that they form through different pathways, have different precursors (e.g. naphthalene or methylnaphthalene), or are emitted from primary sources.
Highlights Homologous series of benzyl and phenyl sulfates were synthesized. Aromatic organosulfates were identified and quantified in ambient aerosol. Major ESI fragments of aromatic organosulfates are sulfite and sulfate radicals. Toluene chamber experiments did not generate aromatic organosulfates.
Aromatic organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols: Synthesis, characterization, and abundance
Staudt, Sean (Autor:in) / Kundu, Shuvashish (Autor:in) / Lehmler, Hans-Joachim (Autor:in) / He, Xianran (Autor:in) / Cui, Tianqu (Autor:in) / Lin, Ying-Hsuan (Autor:in) / Kristensen, Kasper (Autor:in) / Glasius, Marianne (Autor:in) / Zhang, Xiaolu (Autor:in) / Weber, Rodney J. (Autor:in)
Atmospheric Environment ; 94 ; 366-373
16.05.2014
8 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch