Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Abstract Hydraulic structures founded on carbonate rocks can be endangered by progressive enlargement of fissures or the formation of solution cavities as aggressive (unsaturated) waters percolate through them. Previous literature describes how both the rate and manner of enlargment of fissures depend upon the solubilities and solution rate constants of soluble rocks. It has also been shown that the safe maximum size of fissures for a given hydraulic structure can be calculated from the solution parameters of the rock. It has been suggested that carbonate rocks of various origins and types have very different solution properties, thus complicating site investigation procedures and the design of foundations. However, this paper describes the results of laboratory experiments on ten distinctly different specimens of carbonate rocks, which show that the solubilities and solution rate constants are all very similar. In pure water, solubilities of different carbonate rocks are virtually the same as pure calcium carbonate and solution rate constants are between 1.2 and 3.3×$ 10^{−5} $ m/s. These differences in solution rate constants are too small to be significant in engineering design. The solution rate constants decrease by a factor of about ten when dissolved by water containing carbon dioxide in the concentration range 5×$ 10^{−4} $ to 3×$ 10^{−2} $ Moles/litre. However within this range of concentrations the rate constants are 1.8 to 2.7×$ 10^{−6} $ m/s. In deciding how to safeguard the foundations of hydraulic structures in carbonate rocks against solution it is therefore not necessary to know the type or geological origin of the carbonate rock. However, to determine the solubility of the rocks the chemical composition of the inflowing seepage water must be known, also the sizes and distributions of fissures must be assessed by direct observations or by other methods such as water tests in boreholes. The paper shows that fissures smaller than about 400 μm are unlikely to be dangerous in most foundations in carbonate rocks. An appropriate grouting programme can be designed for rocks containing large fissures.
Abstract Hydraulic structures founded on carbonate rocks can be endangered by progressive enlargement of fissures or the formation of solution cavities as aggressive (unsaturated) waters percolate through them. Previous literature describes how both the rate and manner of enlargment of fissures depend upon the solubilities and solution rate constants of soluble rocks. It has also been shown that the safe maximum size of fissures for a given hydraulic structure can be calculated from the solution parameters of the rock. It has been suggested that carbonate rocks of various origins and types have very different solution properties, thus complicating site investigation procedures and the design of foundations. However, this paper describes the results of laboratory experiments on ten distinctly different specimens of carbonate rocks, which show that the solubilities and solution rate constants are all very similar. In pure water, solubilities of different carbonate rocks are virtually the same as pure calcium carbonate and solution rate constants are between 1.2 and 3.3×$ 10^{−5} $ m/s. These differences in solution rate constants are too small to be significant in engineering design. The solution rate constants decrease by a factor of about ten when dissolved by water containing carbon dioxide in the concentration range 5×$ 10^{−4} $ to 3×$ 10^{−2} $ Moles/litre. However within this range of concentrations the rate constants are 1.8 to 2.7×$ 10^{−6} $ m/s. In deciding how to safeguard the foundations of hydraulic structures in carbonate rocks against solution it is therefore not necessary to know the type or geological origin of the carbonate rock. However, to determine the solubility of the rocks the chemical composition of the inflowing seepage water must be known, also the sizes and distributions of fissures must be assessed by direct observations or by other methods such as water tests in boreholes. The paper shows that fissures smaller than about 400 μm are unlikely to be dangerous in most foundations in carbonate rocks. An appropriate grouting programme can be designed for rocks containing large fissures.
Solution parameters of carbonate rocks
James, A. N. (Autor:in)
1981
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
BKL:
56.00$jBauwesen: Allgemeines
/
38.58
Geomechanik
/
38.58$jGeomechanik
/
56.20
Ingenieurgeologie, Bodenmechanik
/
56.00
Bauwesen: Allgemeines
/
56.20$jIngenieurgeologie$jBodenmechanik
RVK:
ELIB18
Solution parameters of carbonate rocks
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