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Tensile Response of Traditional and Contemporary Connectors in Masonry Cavity Walls with Thick Insulation
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-378X
Masonry cavity walls are often used as exterior walls in low-rise structures such as warehouses, schools, residential, and retail buildings. Cavity walls are advantageous as they include architectural, structural, and insulation properties in a single system. These walls typically consist of a concrete masonry unit backing, insulation, an air gap, and a brick veneer. Ties connect masonry layers together and transfer out-of-plane loading (such as wind) from the veneer to the backing. There are many ties on the market though many are proprietary. Generic ties are discussed in Canadian masonry standards (CSA S304-14 and CSA A370) with most research on these ties completed decades ago. However, the Canadian National Energy Code for Buildings has been updated with stricter thermal requirements for walls that require thicker insulation as well as thermal bridging to be considered. As part of a larger investigation into the thermal and structural effects of these changes in masonry cavity walls, 31 masonry wallets with cavity widths and materials representative of modern walls were constructed and tested in tension to assess their capacity and failure mechanisms. Two brick types were tested: clay and concrete. Tested ties include z-tie and rectangular ties common in older structures, plate connectors common in contemporary walls, and a novel inclined connector intended to improve wall composite action under longitudinal shear. Results show that, despite the larger cavity widths expected in future walls, all connectors satisfied the minimum requirements of CSA A370. Capacities were lower for z-ties (2.2 kN) and rectangular ties (1.9 kN) than for the plate connectors (4.3 kN) or the novel connectors (6.0 kN) with capacity dependent on the anchorage of the connector into the veneer. Connectors with anchorage ties had more warning of failure as those ties typically yielded before pullout but failures in all systems were controlled by mortar breakout in the brick layer.
Tensile Response of Traditional and Contemporary Connectors in Masonry Cavity Walls with Thick Insulation
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-378X
Masonry cavity walls are often used as exterior walls in low-rise structures such as warehouses, schools, residential, and retail buildings. Cavity walls are advantageous as they include architectural, structural, and insulation properties in a single system. These walls typically consist of a concrete masonry unit backing, insulation, an air gap, and a brick veneer. Ties connect masonry layers together and transfer out-of-plane loading (such as wind) from the veneer to the backing. There are many ties on the market though many are proprietary. Generic ties are discussed in Canadian masonry standards (CSA S304-14 and CSA A370) with most research on these ties completed decades ago. However, the Canadian National Energy Code for Buildings has been updated with stricter thermal requirements for walls that require thicker insulation as well as thermal bridging to be considered. As part of a larger investigation into the thermal and structural effects of these changes in masonry cavity walls, 31 masonry wallets with cavity widths and materials representative of modern walls were constructed and tested in tension to assess their capacity and failure mechanisms. Two brick types were tested: clay and concrete. Tested ties include z-tie and rectangular ties common in older structures, plate connectors common in contemporary walls, and a novel inclined connector intended to improve wall composite action under longitudinal shear. Results show that, despite the larger cavity widths expected in future walls, all connectors satisfied the minimum requirements of CSA A370. Capacities were lower for z-ties (2.2 kN) and rectangular ties (1.9 kN) than for the plate connectors (4.3 kN) or the novel connectors (6.0 kN) with capacity dependent on the anchorage of the connector into the veneer. Connectors with anchorage ties had more warning of failure as those ties typically yielded before pullout but failures in all systems were controlled by mortar breakout in the brick layer.
Tensile Response of Traditional and Contemporary Connectors in Masonry Cavity Walls with Thick Insulation
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-378X
Masonry cavity walls are often used as exterior walls in low-rise structures such as warehouses, schools, residential, and retail buildings. Cavity walls are advantageous as they include architectural, structural, and insulation properties in a single system. These walls typically consist of a concrete masonry unit backing, insulation, an air gap, and a brick veneer. Ties connect masonry layers together and transfer out-of-plane loading (such as wind) from the veneer to the backing. There are many ties on the market though many are proprietary. Generic ties are discussed in Canadian masonry standards (CSA S304-14 and CSA A370) with most research on these ties completed decades ago. However, the Canadian National Energy Code for Buildings has been updated with stricter thermal requirements for walls that require thicker insulation as well as thermal bridging to be considered. As part of a larger investigation into the thermal and structural effects of these changes in masonry cavity walls, 31 masonry wallets with cavity widths and materials representative of modern walls were constructed and tested in tension to assess their capacity and failure mechanisms. Two brick types were tested: clay and concrete. Tested ties include z-tie and rectangular ties common in older structures, plate connectors common in contemporary walls, and a novel inclined connector intended to improve wall composite action under longitudinal shear. Results show that, despite the larger cavity widths expected in future walls, all connectors satisfied the minimum requirements of CSA A370. Capacities were lower for z-ties (2.2 kN) and rectangular ties (1.9 kN) than for the plate connectors (4.3 kN) or the novel connectors (6.0 kN) with capacity dependent on the anchorage of the connector into the veneer. Connectors with anchorage ties had more warning of failure as those ties typically yielded before pullout but failures in all systems were controlled by mortar breakout in the brick layer.
Tensile Response of Traditional and Contemporary Connectors in Masonry Cavity Walls with Thick Insulation
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
Desjardins, Serge (Herausgeber:in) / Poitras, Gérard J. (Herausgeber:in) / El Damatty, Ashraf (Herausgeber:in) / Elshaer, Ahmed (Herausgeber:in) / Romero, Danny (Autor:in) / Tomlinson, Douglas (Autor:in)
Canadian Society of Civil Engineering Annual Conference ; 2023 ; Moncton, NB, Canada
13.12.2024
14 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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