Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
The pressure distribution in the flows in the previous chapters was assumed as hydrostatic. However, if the streamlines have abrupt curvatures, assuming the pressure distribution as hydrostatic becomes invalid. In addition, if the flow depth changes rapidly, the surface profile may break and flow surface may be discontinuous. Such flows are called rapidly varied flows and these flows cannot be analyzed using the same method as parallel flow due to non-hydrostatic pressure distribution. Previously, these flows were primarily investigated experimentally and each phenomenon, investigated in isolation, has a great deal of information available for design applications. In this chapter, the differences between the analysis of rapidly and gradually varied flows is discussed. It was shown that it is necessary to know the pressure and velocity distributions in rapidly varied flows to apply the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy. The generation of shock waves in supercritical flows is discussed. Empirical relationships derived from the laboratory and field investigations on transitions, weirs, and hydraulic jump are presented. The chapter concludes by a brief discussion on spillways and energy dissipators including stilling basins, flip buckets, and roller buckets.
The pressure distribution in the flows in the previous chapters was assumed as hydrostatic. However, if the streamlines have abrupt curvatures, assuming the pressure distribution as hydrostatic becomes invalid. In addition, if the flow depth changes rapidly, the surface profile may break and flow surface may be discontinuous. Such flows are called rapidly varied flows and these flows cannot be analyzed using the same method as parallel flow due to non-hydrostatic pressure distribution. Previously, these flows were primarily investigated experimentally and each phenomenon, investigated in isolation, has a great deal of information available for design applications. In this chapter, the differences between the analysis of rapidly and gradually varied flows is discussed. It was shown that it is necessary to know the pressure and velocity distributions in rapidly varied flows to apply the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy. The generation of shock waves in supercritical flows is discussed. Empirical relationships derived from the laboratory and field investigations on transitions, weirs, and hydraulic jump are presented. The chapter concludes by a brief discussion on spillways and energy dissipators including stilling basins, flip buckets, and roller buckets.
RAPIDLY VARIED FLOW
Chaudhry, M. Hanif (Autor:in)
Open-Channel Flow ; Kapitel: 7 ; 203-249
01.01.2022
47 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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