Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Emissions from Vehicle Fires: A Literature Review of Levels of Exposure During Firefighting Activities
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-776X
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8803-0041
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-5801
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-0151
Objective This chapter aims to review the available literature related to firefighters’ exposure to health-relevant pollutants during firefighting of vehicle fires. Background Despite the increased number of vehicle fires, few studies assessed the compounds emitted and their potential health risks to firefighting forces. Method A literature review based on PRISMA methodology was performed regarding the characterization of vehicle fire emissions and associated firefighters’ exposure to the pollutants released during fires. Results Available literature characterized emissions during training fire events and so far, only one study evaluated the emissions from an emergency fire event. Increased levels of particulate matter, mainly the fine/ultrafine fractions, carbon monoxide (3–4 ppm inside the passenger compartment), and total volatile organic compounds (1.5–722.4 ppm; 3.16–502.7 mg/m3) were reported during vehicle fires. More specifically, benzene (0.38–60 mg/m3), styrene (0.45–314 mg/m3), methane (0.8–110.0 ppm), butanol (81.8–181.6 ppm), and naphthalene (0.170–1.200 mg/m3 at the cabin compartment) were also present in fire emissions. Despite scarce, evidence highlighted the contribution of vehicle fire emissions to firefighters’ occupational exposure. Conclusion Further studies should be conducted to provide a more detailed characterization of vehicle fires emissions and associated firefighters’ exposure, thus moving the scientific knowledge forward in order to promote firefighters’ safety and health.
Emissions from Vehicle Fires: A Literature Review of Levels of Exposure During Firefighting Activities
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-776X
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8803-0041
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-5801
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-0151
Objective This chapter aims to review the available literature related to firefighters’ exposure to health-relevant pollutants during firefighting of vehicle fires. Background Despite the increased number of vehicle fires, few studies assessed the compounds emitted and their potential health risks to firefighting forces. Method A literature review based on PRISMA methodology was performed regarding the characterization of vehicle fire emissions and associated firefighters’ exposure to the pollutants released during fires. Results Available literature characterized emissions during training fire events and so far, only one study evaluated the emissions from an emergency fire event. Increased levels of particulate matter, mainly the fine/ultrafine fractions, carbon monoxide (3–4 ppm inside the passenger compartment), and total volatile organic compounds (1.5–722.4 ppm; 3.16–502.7 mg/m3) were reported during vehicle fires. More specifically, benzene (0.38–60 mg/m3), styrene (0.45–314 mg/m3), methane (0.8–110.0 ppm), butanol (81.8–181.6 ppm), and naphthalene (0.170–1.200 mg/m3 at the cabin compartment) were also present in fire emissions. Despite scarce, evidence highlighted the contribution of vehicle fire emissions to firefighters’ occupational exposure. Conclusion Further studies should be conducted to provide a more detailed characterization of vehicle fires emissions and associated firefighters’ exposure, thus moving the scientific knowledge forward in order to promote firefighters’ safety and health.
Emissions from Vehicle Fires: A Literature Review of Levels of Exposure During Firefighting Activities
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-776X
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8803-0041
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-5801
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-0151
Objective This chapter aims to review the available literature related to firefighters’ exposure to health-relevant pollutants during firefighting of vehicle fires. Background Despite the increased number of vehicle fires, few studies assessed the compounds emitted and their potential health risks to firefighting forces. Method A literature review based on PRISMA methodology was performed regarding the characterization of vehicle fire emissions and associated firefighters’ exposure to the pollutants released during fires. Results Available literature characterized emissions during training fire events and so far, only one study evaluated the emissions from an emergency fire event. Increased levels of particulate matter, mainly the fine/ultrafine fractions, carbon monoxide (3–4 ppm inside the passenger compartment), and total volatile organic compounds (1.5–722.4 ppm; 3.16–502.7 mg/m3) were reported during vehicle fires. More specifically, benzene (0.38–60 mg/m3), styrene (0.45–314 mg/m3), methane (0.8–110.0 ppm), butanol (81.8–181.6 ppm), and naphthalene (0.170–1.200 mg/m3 at the cabin compartment) were also present in fire emissions. Despite scarce, evidence highlighted the contribution of vehicle fire emissions to firefighters’ occupational exposure. Conclusion Further studies should be conducted to provide a more detailed characterization of vehicle fires emissions and associated firefighters’ exposure, thus moving the scientific knowledge forward in order to promote firefighters’ safety and health.
Emissions from Vehicle Fires: A Literature Review of Levels of Exposure During Firefighting Activities
Studies in Systems, Decision and Control
Arezes, Pedro M. (Herausgeber:in) / Baptista, J. Santos (Herausgeber:in) / Melo, Rui B. (Herausgeber:in) / Castelo Branco, Jacqueline (Herausgeber:in) / Carneiro, Paula (Herausgeber:in) / Colim, Ana (Herausgeber:in) / Costa, Nélson (Herausgeber:in) / Costa, Susana (Herausgeber:in) / Duarte, J. (Herausgeber:in) / Guedes, J. C. (Herausgeber:in)
17.09.2022
12 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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