Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Finite Element Modeling of Cross-Wall Ties in Multi-wythe Walls
Abstract Ties have been inserted directly across multi-wythe walls to join one exterior wythe of the wall to the other with the intent of improving the compressive strength of the wall and to maintain in-plane connection between the wythes. Experimental work has shown that such ties have little, if any, effect on compressive strength, but that the ties can restrain lateral expansion (Poisson effects) locally. We created a variety of 3-D finite element models to simulate the behaviour of these traditional transverse ties. A simplified micro-model provided insight regarding stress transfer between the different elements of the system, and suggested that the traditional distribution of ties is inefficient. Macro-models were used to investigate the role of a single tie in resisting different loading conditions and results showed that minimal benefits are gained in terms of vertical stresses and deformations under vertical and lateral loading conditions. The most significant benefit of the transverse tie was the reduction in local out-of-plane deformation. A subsequent benefit was the reduction of vertical stresses that are produced by local rotation of the wythes. The use of different materials in the external wythes produced similar results to eccentric loading and both situations cause the tie to bend in a double curvature shape: the benefits of the transverse tie in both cases were again minimal. As most ties are inserted in walls already carrying their service loads, the effects observed only develop from additional loads applied to the wall.
Finite Element Modeling of Cross-Wall Ties in Multi-wythe Walls
Abstract Ties have been inserted directly across multi-wythe walls to join one exterior wythe of the wall to the other with the intent of improving the compressive strength of the wall and to maintain in-plane connection between the wythes. Experimental work has shown that such ties have little, if any, effect on compressive strength, but that the ties can restrain lateral expansion (Poisson effects) locally. We created a variety of 3-D finite element models to simulate the behaviour of these traditional transverse ties. A simplified micro-model provided insight regarding stress transfer between the different elements of the system, and suggested that the traditional distribution of ties is inefficient. Macro-models were used to investigate the role of a single tie in resisting different loading conditions and results showed that minimal benefits are gained in terms of vertical stresses and deformations under vertical and lateral loading conditions. The most significant benefit of the transverse tie was the reduction in local out-of-plane deformation. A subsequent benefit was the reduction of vertical stresses that are produced by local rotation of the wythes. The use of different materials in the external wythes produced similar results to eccentric loading and both situations cause the tie to bend in a double curvature shape: the benefits of the transverse tie in both cases were again minimal. As most ties are inserted in walls already carrying their service loads, the effects observed only develop from additional loads applied to the wall.
Finite Element Modeling of Cross-Wall Ties in Multi-wythe Walls
El-Rayes, Mahmoud (Autor:in) / Shrive, Nigel (Autor:in)
01.01.2019
9 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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