Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Energy efficiency of cement plants
Discussions of efficient production processes and efficiency in the cement industry generally focus on assessments of cement works performance levels measured as fuel energy consumption in a performance test lasting 24 hours to 48 hours. Fuel energy requirement is also listed in the still-valid BAT (Best Available Techniques; BAT Reference Document, abbreviated: BREF) for the cement industry, a document used for example by the licensing authorities as an evaluative basis when formulating approvals. By itself, this value cannot do justice to the wide scope of the clinker production process and is thus insufficient for assessing normal operations, even over shorter periods. The objective was therefore formulated to obtain a description of the performance capability of a cement works that reflects the entire scope of the phenomena involved in actual practice. This includes simulation of rotary kiln systems with varying operating scenarios and the observation of the development of the clinker specific energy requirement which was stabilized at a level of 3500 kJ/kg to 3700 kJ/kg of clinker for a longer period. With the help of extensive calculations based on a process engineering model developed at the Research Institute of the Cement Industry and based on experimental data collected from the cement industry at large, it is possible today to quantify the essential operational parameters that influence performance. For example, this approach facilitates a clear and reliable description of production lines with widely differing fuel energy requirement levels, due for example to kiln capacities and the properties of both fuel and raw materials, that operate at the same energy efficiency level despite these differences. The calculations show that the cement process is among the most highly developed thermal processes and that the conversion of the energy applied in the actual cement production process is highly efficient. The cement industry thus deserves a vote of confidence that it will continue to meet new challenges in the future. Finally, the cement industry succeeded in convincing the authors of the BREF and to introduce a more flexible approach in the revised document, which will be published in 2009.
Energy efficiency of cement plants
Discussions of efficient production processes and efficiency in the cement industry generally focus on assessments of cement works performance levels measured as fuel energy consumption in a performance test lasting 24 hours to 48 hours. Fuel energy requirement is also listed in the still-valid BAT (Best Available Techniques; BAT Reference Document, abbreviated: BREF) for the cement industry, a document used for example by the licensing authorities as an evaluative basis when formulating approvals. By itself, this value cannot do justice to the wide scope of the clinker production process and is thus insufficient for assessing normal operations, even over shorter periods. The objective was therefore formulated to obtain a description of the performance capability of a cement works that reflects the entire scope of the phenomena involved in actual practice. This includes simulation of rotary kiln systems with varying operating scenarios and the observation of the development of the clinker specific energy requirement which was stabilized at a level of 3500 kJ/kg to 3700 kJ/kg of clinker for a longer period. With the help of extensive calculations based on a process engineering model developed at the Research Institute of the Cement Industry and based on experimental data collected from the cement industry at large, it is possible today to quantify the essential operational parameters that influence performance. For example, this approach facilitates a clear and reliable description of production lines with widely differing fuel energy requirement levels, due for example to kiln capacities and the properties of both fuel and raw materials, that operate at the same energy efficiency level despite these differences. The calculations show that the cement process is among the most highly developed thermal processes and that the conversion of the energy applied in the actual cement production process is highly efficient. The cement industry thus deserves a vote of confidence that it will continue to meet new challenges in the future. Finally, the cement industry succeeded in convincing the authors of the BREF and to introduce a more flexible approach in the revised document, which will be published in 2009.
Energy efficiency of cement plants
Energieeffizienz von Zementwerken
Bauer, Klaus (Autor:in) / Hoenig, Volker (Autor:in)
2009
7 Seiten, 11 Bilder, 7 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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