Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Historical Background -- 1.2 Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 1.3 Lightweighting in Automotive Applications -- 1.4 Background and Challenges in Designing with Discontinuous Fibers -- 1.5 Structure and Objectives of this Book -- 1.6 References -- 2 Materials -- 2.1 Reinforcing Phase -- 2.1.1 Particle-Reinforced Composites -- 2.1.2 Continuous Fibers -- 2.1.2.1 Woven Fabrics -- 2.1.2.2 Braiding -- 2.1.3 Discontinuous Fibers -- 2.1.4 Sizing -- 2.2 Matrix -- 2.2.1 Thermoplastics -- 2.2.1.1 Amorphous Thermoplastics

2.2.1.2 Semi-crystalline Thermoplastics -- 2.2.2 Thermosets -- 2.2.2.1 Curing Reaction -- References -- 3 Manufacturing Processes -- 3.1 Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Molding Processes -- 3.1.1 Compression Molding of Sheet Molding Compound -- 3.1.2 Injection-Compression Molding of Bulk Molding Compound -- 3.2 Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics -- 3.2.1 Injection Molding -- 3.2.2 Extrusion Compression Molding -- 3.2.3 GMT Compression Molding -- 3.3 Additive Manufacturing -- 3.4 Vacuum Bagging Techniques -- 3.4.1 Fiber Spray-up Molding -- 3.4.2 Hand-Layup Molding -- 3.4.3 Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion

3.4.4 Resin Transfer Molding Techniques -- 3.5 Processes Involving Hybrid Structures -- 3.6 References -- 4 Microstructure in Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 4.1 Process-Induced Microstructure in Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 4.1.1 Fiber Attrition -- 4.1.2 Fiber Alignment -- 4.1.3 Fiber-Matrix Separation -- 4.1.4 Fiber-Matrix Bonding -- 4.1.5 Microstructure-Property Relationship -- 4.2 Characterization Techniques for Fiber Microstructure Analysis -- 4.2.1 Measuring Fiber Orientation -- 4.2.2 Review of Fiber Length Measurement Methods

4.2.2.1 Comparative Study of Measurement Techniques -- 4.2.3 Measuring Fiber Concentration -- 4.2.4 Fiber Microstructure Characterization Conclusions -- 4.3 Case Study: LFT Injection Molding of a Simple Plaque Geometry -- 4.3.1 Analysis of the Process-Induced Fiber Alignment -- 4.3.2 Analysis of the Process-Induced Fiber Breakage -- 4.3.3 Analysis of the Process-Induced Fiber Concentration -- 4.3.3.1 Flow Front Analysis -- 4.3.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- 4.4 References -- 5 Mechanics of Composites -- 5.1 Anisotropic Strain-Stress Relation -- 5.2 Laminated Composite

5.2.1 Equilibrium, Deformation, and Constitutive Equations -- 5.2.2 Transverse Properties-The Halpin-Tsai Equation -- 5.2.3 Transformation of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminate Properties -- 5.2.4 Sample Application of a Laminated Composite -- 5.3 Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 5.3.1 Sample Application of Critical Length for Load Transfer -- 5.3.2 Reinforced Composite Laminates with a Fiber Orientation Distribution Function -- 5.4 Failure of Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 5.4.1 Failure of an Axially Loaded Laminate -- 5.5 Failure Criteria for Composites with Complex Loads