Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Interspecies scaling of toxicity reference values in human health versus ecological risk assessments: A critical review
AbstractRisk assessments that focus on anthropogenic chemicals in environmental media—whether considering human health or ecological effects—often rely on toxicity data from experimentally studied species to estimate safe exposures for species that lack similar data. Current default extrapolation approaches used in both human health risk assessments and ecological risk assessments (ERAs) account for differences in body weight between the test organisms and the species of interest, but the two default approaches differ in important ways. Human health risk assessments currently employ a default based on body weight raised to the three‐quarters power. Ecological risk assessments for wildlife (i.e., mammals and birds) are typically based directly on body weight, as measured in the test organism and receptor species. This review describes differences in the experimental data underlying these default practices and discusses the many factors that affect interspecies variability in chemical exposures. The interplay of these different factors can lead to substantial departures from default expectations. Alternative methodologies for conducting more accurate interspecies extrapolations in ERAs for wildlife are discussed, including tissue‐based toxicity reference values, physiologically based toxicokinetic and/or toxicodynamic modeling, chemical read‐across, and a system of categorical defaults based on route of exposure and toxic mode of action. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:749–764. © 2023 SETAC
Key Points Wildlife risk assessments would benefit from methods developed by human health risk assessors to extrapolate toxicity data between species. Where practicable, tissue‐based toxicity reference values (TRVs) can avoid interspecies uncertainties related to toxicokinetics. A hierarchy of approaches is presented for the scaling of TRVs for external exposures, ranging from robust and detailed methods to simple default approaches, depending on the data and resources available.
Interspecies scaling of toxicity reference values in human health versus ecological risk assessments: A critical review
AbstractRisk assessments that focus on anthropogenic chemicals in environmental media—whether considering human health or ecological effects—often rely on toxicity data from experimentally studied species to estimate safe exposures for species that lack similar data. Current default extrapolation approaches used in both human health risk assessments and ecological risk assessments (ERAs) account for differences in body weight between the test organisms and the species of interest, but the two default approaches differ in important ways. Human health risk assessments currently employ a default based on body weight raised to the three‐quarters power. Ecological risk assessments for wildlife (i.e., mammals and birds) are typically based directly on body weight, as measured in the test organism and receptor species. This review describes differences in the experimental data underlying these default practices and discusses the many factors that affect interspecies variability in chemical exposures. The interplay of these different factors can lead to substantial departures from default expectations. Alternative methodologies for conducting more accurate interspecies extrapolations in ERAs for wildlife are discussed, including tissue‐based toxicity reference values, physiologically based toxicokinetic and/or toxicodynamic modeling, chemical read‐across, and a system of categorical defaults based on route of exposure and toxic mode of action. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:749–764. © 2023 SETAC
Key Points Wildlife risk assessments would benefit from methods developed by human health risk assessors to extrapolate toxicity data between species. Where practicable, tissue‐based toxicity reference values (TRVs) can avoid interspecies uncertainties related to toxicokinetics. A hierarchy of approaches is presented for the scaling of TRVs for external exposures, ranging from robust and detailed methods to simple default approaches, depending on the data and resources available.
Interspecies scaling of toxicity reference values in human health versus ecological risk assessments: A critical review
Integr Envir Assess & Manag
Clewell, Harvey J. (Autor:in) / Fuchsman, Phyllis C. (Autor:in)
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ; 20 ; 749-764
01.05.2024
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Context, toxicity reference values, and risk
| Wiley | 2009
Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment
| Wiley | 2005
Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment
| Wiley | 2004
Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment
| Wiley | 2002