Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Comparison of R‐metalaxyl and rac‐metalaxyl in acute, chronic, and sublethal effect on aquatic organisms: Daphnia magna, Scenedesmus quadricanda, and Danio rerio
10.1002/tox.20415.abs
Chiral pesticides are used widely in the world, and at present, older racemic products are being replaced by enantiopure products because of accelerated development of asymmetry synthesis techniques. Pesticides as xenobiotic released into environment impose a great stress on nontarget organisms. Although it is a necessary procedure for pesticides to have a registration based on toxicological data from nontarget organism, until now ecological risk assessment about metalaxyl only depend on racemic products. Hence, we investigated the acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity of R‐metalaxy and rac‐metalaxyl on aquatic organisms such as D. magna (Daphnia magna), algae (Scenedesmus quadricanda), and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed a significant difference in toxicity between R‐metalaxyl and rac‐metalaxyl. R‐Metalaxy was about 20‐fold more toxic to algae than rac‐metalaxyl with IC50 of 222.89 ± 1.18 mg/L and 19.95 ± 1.12 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, R‐metalaxyl was about fourfold toxic to D. magna than rac‐metalaxyl according to the individual 24‐h‐LC50 values, and sixfold toxic than rac‐metalaxyl based on 24‐h‐EC50 values. In the light of 48‐h‐LC50 and EC50, this difference in toxicity was more significant. As for adult zebrafish, there was no pronounced difference in acute toxicity, in addition, at sublethal level a different pattern in inducing Na+,K+‐ATPase activity between them was found. In general, R‐metalaxyl seemed more toxic to aquatic organisms than rac‐metalaxyl. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Comparison of R‐metalaxyl and rac‐metalaxyl in acute, chronic, and sublethal effect on aquatic organisms: Daphnia magna, Scenedesmus quadricanda, and Danio rerio
10.1002/tox.20415.abs
Chiral pesticides are used widely in the world, and at present, older racemic products are being replaced by enantiopure products because of accelerated development of asymmetry synthesis techniques. Pesticides as xenobiotic released into environment impose a great stress on nontarget organisms. Although it is a necessary procedure for pesticides to have a registration based on toxicological data from nontarget organism, until now ecological risk assessment about metalaxyl only depend on racemic products. Hence, we investigated the acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity of R‐metalaxy and rac‐metalaxyl on aquatic organisms such as D. magna (Daphnia magna), algae (Scenedesmus quadricanda), and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed a significant difference in toxicity between R‐metalaxyl and rac‐metalaxyl. R‐Metalaxy was about 20‐fold more toxic to algae than rac‐metalaxyl with IC50 of 222.89 ± 1.18 mg/L and 19.95 ± 1.12 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, R‐metalaxyl was about fourfold toxic to D. magna than rac‐metalaxyl according to the individual 24‐h‐LC50 values, and sixfold toxic than rac‐metalaxyl based on 24‐h‐EC50 values. In the light of 48‐h‐LC50 and EC50, this difference in toxicity was more significant. As for adult zebrafish, there was no pronounced difference in acute toxicity, in addition, at sublethal level a different pattern in inducing Na+,K+‐ATPase activity between them was found. In general, R‐metalaxyl seemed more toxic to aquatic organisms than rac‐metalaxyl. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Comparison of R‐metalaxyl and rac‐metalaxyl in acute, chronic, and sublethal effect on aquatic organisms: Daphnia magna, Scenedesmus quadricanda, and Danio rerio
Yao, Kun (Autor:in) / Zhu, Lin (Autor:in) / Duan, Zhenghua (Autor:in) / Chen, Zhongzhi (Autor:in) / Li, Yan (Autor:in) / Zhu, Xiaoshan (Autor:in)
Environmental Toxicology ; 24 ; 148-156
01.04.2009
9 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Assays with Daphnia magna and Danio rerio as alert systems in aquatic toxicology
| Online Contents | 2007
Metalaxyl: Persistence, Degradation, Metabolism, and Analytical Methods
| Online Contents | 2000