Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Chloramines Formation, Toxicity, and Monitoring Methods in Aqueous Environments
Water disinfection via chlorination and chloramination is increasingly used in many countries all over the world. These two processes lead to the formation of the inorganic chloramine and monochloramine, as primary desirable disinfectants. Furthermore, upon dissociation of monochloramine, two inorganic chloramines, namely, dichloramine and trichloramine, are also formed. In addition, organic chloramines are formed as disinfection by‐products when dissolved organic nitrogen or carbon reacts with either free chlorine or inorganic chloramines. Chloramination is associated with a risk of mutagenicity. In addition, chloramines represent a risk for hemodialysis patients since they can cause hemolytic anemia, hemolysis, or methemoglobinemia when present in dialysis process water. Thus, the monitoring of chloramines in environmental samples should be carried out to control the possible health risk to human. The main aim of this chapter is to highlight the routes of formation of chloramines and their toxicity and to emphasize the reported analytical methods for their determination in water samples such as rivers, drinking water, and pool water.
Chloramines Formation, Toxicity, and Monitoring Methods in Aqueous Environments
Water disinfection via chlorination and chloramination is increasingly used in many countries all over the world. These two processes lead to the formation of the inorganic chloramine and monochloramine, as primary desirable disinfectants. Furthermore, upon dissociation of monochloramine, two inorganic chloramines, namely, dichloramine and trichloramine, are also formed. In addition, organic chloramines are formed as disinfection by‐products when dissolved organic nitrogen or carbon reacts with either free chlorine or inorganic chloramines. Chloramination is associated with a risk of mutagenicity. In addition, chloramines represent a risk for hemodialysis patients since they can cause hemolytic anemia, hemolysis, or methemoglobinemia when present in dialysis process water. Thus, the monitoring of chloramines in environmental samples should be carried out to control the possible health risk to human. The main aim of this chapter is to highlight the routes of formation of chloramines and their toxicity and to emphasize the reported analytical methods for their determination in water samples such as rivers, drinking water, and pool water.
Chloramines Formation, Toxicity, and Monitoring Methods in Aqueous Environments
Inamuddin (Herausgeber:in) / Ahamed, Mohd Imran (Herausgeber:in) / Boddula, Rajender (Herausgeber:in) / Rangreez, Tauseef Ahmad (Herausgeber:in) / El‐Shaheny, Rania (Autor:in) / El‐Maghrabey, Mahmoud (Autor:in)
Applied Water Science Volume 1 ; 139-162
10.05.2021
24 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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