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Selective Removal of Barium and Hardness Ions from Brackish Water with Chemically Enhanced Electrodialysis
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-1764
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9006-9671
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-2830
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-4476
The use of a nonconventional water resource for energy and industrial applications often requires extraction of low-level undesirable ions from matrices of benign dominant ions. In this study, the selective extraction of Ba2+ and Mg2+ from synthetic brine solutions was evaluated using strong acid cation-exchange membranes modified with the surface deposition of macrocyclic molecules including crown ethers and calixarenes. Compared to the bare membrane, vinylbenzo-18-crown-6 (VB18C6) and calix[4]arene-amended membranes showed increased selectivity for Ba2+ and Mg2+ with respect to the dominant ion (Na+) by up to fourfolds, with the calix[4]arene-modified membrane achieving more selective separation than VB18C6. Optimal selectivity was achieved at a moderate-to-high current density (3.1–6.3 mA/cm2), which was attributed to the alleviation of transport limitation in the boundary layer by the surface modification. Amendment of a calix[4]arene derivative with a crown-6 “boot strap” and two carboxylic groups resulted in reduced selectivity due to the formation of strong complexes with divalent ions. These results show that surface deposition of ion sequestrants can be a versatile approach to improve the membrane’s selectivity; however, the performance is sensitive to feed water salinity, current loading, and the macrocycle-ion chemistry, where there is a trade-off between ion affinity and mobility.
Surface amendment of a cation-exchange membrane with crown ether- or calixarene-based ion sequestrants increases the selectivity of the electrodialysis process for divalent ions.
Selective Removal of Barium and Hardness Ions from Brackish Water with Chemically Enhanced Electrodialysis
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-1764
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9006-9671
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-2830
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-4476
The use of a nonconventional water resource for energy and industrial applications often requires extraction of low-level undesirable ions from matrices of benign dominant ions. In this study, the selective extraction of Ba2+ and Mg2+ from synthetic brine solutions was evaluated using strong acid cation-exchange membranes modified with the surface deposition of macrocyclic molecules including crown ethers and calixarenes. Compared to the bare membrane, vinylbenzo-18-crown-6 (VB18C6) and calix[4]arene-amended membranes showed increased selectivity for Ba2+ and Mg2+ with respect to the dominant ion (Na+) by up to fourfolds, with the calix[4]arene-modified membrane achieving more selective separation than VB18C6. Optimal selectivity was achieved at a moderate-to-high current density (3.1–6.3 mA/cm2), which was attributed to the alleviation of transport limitation in the boundary layer by the surface modification. Amendment of a calix[4]arene derivative with a crown-6 “boot strap” and two carboxylic groups resulted in reduced selectivity due to the formation of strong complexes with divalent ions. These results show that surface deposition of ion sequestrants can be a versatile approach to improve the membrane’s selectivity; however, the performance is sensitive to feed water salinity, current loading, and the macrocycle-ion chemistry, where there is a trade-off between ion affinity and mobility.
Surface amendment of a cation-exchange membrane with crown ether- or calixarene-based ion sequestrants increases the selectivity of the electrodialysis process for divalent ions.
Selective Removal of Barium and Hardness Ions from Brackish Water with Chemically Enhanced Electrodialysis
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-1764
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9006-9671
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-2830
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-4476
The use of a nonconventional water resource for energy and industrial applications often requires extraction of low-level undesirable ions from matrices of benign dominant ions. In this study, the selective extraction of Ba2+ and Mg2+ from synthetic brine solutions was evaluated using strong acid cation-exchange membranes modified with the surface deposition of macrocyclic molecules including crown ethers and calixarenes. Compared to the bare membrane, vinylbenzo-18-crown-6 (VB18C6) and calix[4]arene-amended membranes showed increased selectivity for Ba2+ and Mg2+ with respect to the dominant ion (Na+) by up to fourfolds, with the calix[4]arene-modified membrane achieving more selective separation than VB18C6. Optimal selectivity was achieved at a moderate-to-high current density (3.1–6.3 mA/cm2), which was attributed to the alleviation of transport limitation in the boundary layer by the surface modification. Amendment of a calix[4]arene derivative with a crown-6 “boot strap” and two carboxylic groups resulted in reduced selectivity due to the formation of strong complexes with divalent ions. These results show that surface deposition of ion sequestrants can be a versatile approach to improve the membrane’s selectivity; however, the performance is sensitive to feed water salinity, current loading, and the macrocycle-ion chemistry, where there is a trade-off between ion affinity and mobility.
Surface amendment of a cation-exchange membrane with crown ether- or calixarene-based ion sequestrants increases the selectivity of the electrodialysis process for divalent ions.
Selective Removal of Barium and Hardness Ions from Brackish Water with Chemically Enhanced Electrodialysis
Barragan, Nahirobe (author) / Bedi, Deepika (author) / Sivaraman, Mythreyi (author) / Loya, Jesus Daniel (author) / Babaguchi, Kotono (author) / Findlater, Michael (author) / Hutchins, Kristin M. (author) / Yan, Weile (author)
ACS ES&T Water ; 2 ; 288-298
2022-02-11
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Desalination of brackish water of higher salinity by electrodialysis
| Tema Archive | 1991
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2011
| British Library Online Contents | 2010