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Large Quantity EDTA Addition and Cold Storage in Dark Recommended for Preserving Inorganic Arsenic Speciation in Reducing Groundwater
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5736-8236
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-0059
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-9395
Analysis of inorganic arsenic (iAs) species, arsenite (iAs(III)) and arsenate (iAs(V)), is recommended by authorities to select treatment technologies for noncompliant domestic well water. However, the effectiveness of various preservation methods for iAs species, including those recommended by regulatory authorities, varies with the added preservatives on-site, groundwater chemistry, and storage conditions. Here, 14 preservation methods, which include three strong acids, a range of concentrations of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) and acetic acid (HAc), three storage temperatures, and two kinds of sample bottles, were tested with 62 groundwaters spanning a wide range of chemical compositions from multiple aquifers in northwestern and southern China. Addition of EDTA to a final concentration of 20 mmol/L and storage in opaque bottles and in the dark at 4 °C preserved iAs species up to 60 days. Preservation was achieved through forming Fe-EDTA and Mn-EDTA complexes accompanied by lowering of the pH from 7.0 ± 0.5 to 5.2 ± 0.4 and eliminating photooxidation. Users are recommended to start with the best performing protocol involving adding EDTA to 20 mmol/L on-site, adjusting the EDTA dose considering the initial Fe and Mn concentrations, and final pH. Regulatory authorities are urged to examine iAs preservation protocols in their standard methods for speciation analysis.
Crucial for treatment method selection, inorganic arsenic speciation in reducing groundwater is preserved by the addition of a large dose of EDTA and storage in cold and dark.
Large Quantity EDTA Addition and Cold Storage in Dark Recommended for Preserving Inorganic Arsenic Speciation in Reducing Groundwater
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5736-8236
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-0059
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-9395
Analysis of inorganic arsenic (iAs) species, arsenite (iAs(III)) and arsenate (iAs(V)), is recommended by authorities to select treatment technologies for noncompliant domestic well water. However, the effectiveness of various preservation methods for iAs species, including those recommended by regulatory authorities, varies with the added preservatives on-site, groundwater chemistry, and storage conditions. Here, 14 preservation methods, which include three strong acids, a range of concentrations of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) and acetic acid (HAc), three storage temperatures, and two kinds of sample bottles, were tested with 62 groundwaters spanning a wide range of chemical compositions from multiple aquifers in northwestern and southern China. Addition of EDTA to a final concentration of 20 mmol/L and storage in opaque bottles and in the dark at 4 °C preserved iAs species up to 60 days. Preservation was achieved through forming Fe-EDTA and Mn-EDTA complexes accompanied by lowering of the pH from 7.0 ± 0.5 to 5.2 ± 0.4 and eliminating photooxidation. Users are recommended to start with the best performing protocol involving adding EDTA to 20 mmol/L on-site, adjusting the EDTA dose considering the initial Fe and Mn concentrations, and final pH. Regulatory authorities are urged to examine iAs preservation protocols in their standard methods for speciation analysis.
Crucial for treatment method selection, inorganic arsenic speciation in reducing groundwater is preserved by the addition of a large dose of EDTA and storage in cold and dark.
Large Quantity EDTA Addition and Cold Storage in Dark Recommended for Preserving Inorganic Arsenic Speciation in Reducing Groundwater
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5736-8236
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-0059
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-9395
Analysis of inorganic arsenic (iAs) species, arsenite (iAs(III)) and arsenate (iAs(V)), is recommended by authorities to select treatment technologies for noncompliant domestic well water. However, the effectiveness of various preservation methods for iAs species, including those recommended by regulatory authorities, varies with the added preservatives on-site, groundwater chemistry, and storage conditions. Here, 14 preservation methods, which include three strong acids, a range of concentrations of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) and acetic acid (HAc), three storage temperatures, and two kinds of sample bottles, were tested with 62 groundwaters spanning a wide range of chemical compositions from multiple aquifers in northwestern and southern China. Addition of EDTA to a final concentration of 20 mmol/L and storage in opaque bottles and in the dark at 4 °C preserved iAs species up to 60 days. Preservation was achieved through forming Fe-EDTA and Mn-EDTA complexes accompanied by lowering of the pH from 7.0 ± 0.5 to 5.2 ± 0.4 and eliminating photooxidation. Users are recommended to start with the best performing protocol involving adding EDTA to 20 mmol/L on-site, adjusting the EDTA dose considering the initial Fe and Mn concentrations, and final pH. Regulatory authorities are urged to examine iAs preservation protocols in their standard methods for speciation analysis.
Crucial for treatment method selection, inorganic arsenic speciation in reducing groundwater is preserved by the addition of a large dose of EDTA and storage in cold and dark.
Large Quantity EDTA Addition and Cold Storage in Dark Recommended for Preserving Inorganic Arsenic Speciation in Reducing Groundwater
Duan, Yanhua (author) / Liu, Jingyu (author) / Yang, Yuxia (author) / Han, Long (author) / Li, Zengyi (author) / Gu, Yuehong (author) / Ma, Yunjie (author) / Palomo, Alejandro (author) / Tuo, Xiaobao (author) / Zheng, Yan (author)
ACS ES&T Water ; 4 ; 2031-2043
2024-05-10
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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