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Bentonite-Based Low-Cost Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes for Sewage Wastewater Treatment
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-9736
The study focused on fabricating and evaluating bentonite-based ceramic membranes to treat sewage wastewater. Three distinct membranes, M1, M2, and M3, were fabricated by varying the compositions of bentonite, starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The raw materials underwent characterization using FTIR and XRD. Green membranes, 6.1 cm in diameter and 0.4 cm thick, were fabricated via a dry pressing technique and sintered at 900 °C. The sintered membranes were evaluated for surface morphology, shrinkage, porosity, chemical stability, water flux, and pore size. Among these membranes, M3 emerged as the most suitable for sewage wastewater treatment, possessing 30% porosity, 0.193 μm pose size, 144.93 L/m2 h bar permeability, and exceptional chemical stability. Cost analysis revealed that the raw material cost for the M3 membrane was estimated as $21.65/m2, contributing to a total fabrication cost of approximately $66/m2. The membrane M3 was applied to sewage wastewater treatment and effectively removed 93–97% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 94–99% of turbidity under applied pressures ranging from 0.69 to 1.72 bar. Fouling analysis using Hermia’s models indicated that cake filtration is dominating, suggesting that the membrane fouling could be managed and reversed.
Developed cost-effective bentonite-based ceramic membranes for sewage treatment, achieving high COD and turbidity removal and beneficial for sustainable water purification.
Bentonite-Based Low-Cost Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes for Sewage Wastewater Treatment
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-9736
The study focused on fabricating and evaluating bentonite-based ceramic membranes to treat sewage wastewater. Three distinct membranes, M1, M2, and M3, were fabricated by varying the compositions of bentonite, starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The raw materials underwent characterization using FTIR and XRD. Green membranes, 6.1 cm in diameter and 0.4 cm thick, were fabricated via a dry pressing technique and sintered at 900 °C. The sintered membranes were evaluated for surface morphology, shrinkage, porosity, chemical stability, water flux, and pore size. Among these membranes, M3 emerged as the most suitable for sewage wastewater treatment, possessing 30% porosity, 0.193 μm pose size, 144.93 L/m2 h bar permeability, and exceptional chemical stability. Cost analysis revealed that the raw material cost for the M3 membrane was estimated as $21.65/m2, contributing to a total fabrication cost of approximately $66/m2. The membrane M3 was applied to sewage wastewater treatment and effectively removed 93–97% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 94–99% of turbidity under applied pressures ranging from 0.69 to 1.72 bar. Fouling analysis using Hermia’s models indicated that cake filtration is dominating, suggesting that the membrane fouling could be managed and reversed.
Developed cost-effective bentonite-based ceramic membranes for sewage treatment, achieving high COD and turbidity removal and beneficial for sustainable water purification.
Bentonite-Based Low-Cost Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes for Sewage Wastewater Treatment
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-9736
The study focused on fabricating and evaluating bentonite-based ceramic membranes to treat sewage wastewater. Three distinct membranes, M1, M2, and M3, were fabricated by varying the compositions of bentonite, starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The raw materials underwent characterization using FTIR and XRD. Green membranes, 6.1 cm in diameter and 0.4 cm thick, were fabricated via a dry pressing technique and sintered at 900 °C. The sintered membranes were evaluated for surface morphology, shrinkage, porosity, chemical stability, water flux, and pore size. Among these membranes, M3 emerged as the most suitable for sewage wastewater treatment, possessing 30% porosity, 0.193 μm pose size, 144.93 L/m2 h bar permeability, and exceptional chemical stability. Cost analysis revealed that the raw material cost for the M3 membrane was estimated as $21.65/m2, contributing to a total fabrication cost of approximately $66/m2. The membrane M3 was applied to sewage wastewater treatment and effectively removed 93–97% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 94–99% of turbidity under applied pressures ranging from 0.69 to 1.72 bar. Fouling analysis using Hermia’s models indicated that cake filtration is dominating, suggesting that the membrane fouling could be managed and reversed.
Developed cost-effective bentonite-based ceramic membranes for sewage treatment, achieving high COD and turbidity removal and beneficial for sustainable water purification.
Bentonite-Based Low-Cost Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes for Sewage Wastewater Treatment
Sree Kanth, Maddala (author) / Karthik, Mankala (author) / Sandhya Rani, S. Lakshmi (author) / Raja, Vinoth Kumar (author)
ACS ES&T Water ; 4 ; 5755-5763
2024-12-13
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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