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Estimation of In Situ Densities for Tailings and Coal Combustion Residuals Using CPT Correlations
The cone penetration test (CPT) is commonly used to evaluate the in situ conditions of waste facilities, including tailings storage facilities and ash ponds, because it can measure near-continuous vertical profiles of loose and saturated materials that then correlate to various geotechnical engineering properties. Data collected from CPT soundings can be correlated to the in situ density which then allows engineers to evaluate the effective vertical stresses, perform storage capacity analyses, and evaluate the consolidation of materials. However, the existing density correlations were typically developed using data from natural soil deposits and, therefore, may not be applicable to waste materials such as tailings or coal combustion residuals (CCR). This paper evaluates the applicability of CPT density correlations for geotechnical exploration programs from several waste sites across North America that exhibit varying soil gradations and specific gravities. The in situ density is estimated using correlations to CPT data and is compared to measured densities from tube specimens. The correlated densities for tailings and CCR materials exhibit more variability than natural soil deposits. The existing correlations tend to underpredict the in situ density for finer and denser soils. Correlations to seismic measurements are not recommended as the variability is higher than correlations to typical CPT measurements. Recommendations for the fitting of site-specific corrections and future correlations are provided.
Estimation of In Situ Densities for Tailings and Coal Combustion Residuals Using CPT Correlations
The cone penetration test (CPT) is commonly used to evaluate the in situ conditions of waste facilities, including tailings storage facilities and ash ponds, because it can measure near-continuous vertical profiles of loose and saturated materials that then correlate to various geotechnical engineering properties. Data collected from CPT soundings can be correlated to the in situ density which then allows engineers to evaluate the effective vertical stresses, perform storage capacity analyses, and evaluate the consolidation of materials. However, the existing density correlations were typically developed using data from natural soil deposits and, therefore, may not be applicable to waste materials such as tailings or coal combustion residuals (CCR). This paper evaluates the applicability of CPT density correlations for geotechnical exploration programs from several waste sites across North America that exhibit varying soil gradations and specific gravities. The in situ density is estimated using correlations to CPT data and is compared to measured densities from tube specimens. The correlated densities for tailings and CCR materials exhibit more variability than natural soil deposits. The existing correlations tend to underpredict the in situ density for finer and denser soils. Correlations to seismic measurements are not recommended as the variability is higher than correlations to typical CPT measurements. Recommendations for the fitting of site-specific corrections and future correlations are provided.
Estimation of In Situ Densities for Tailings and Coal Combustion Residuals Using CPT Correlations
Armstrong, Christian (author) / Jin, Longde (author) / Kugel, Jean (author)
Geo-Congress 2022 ; 2022 ; Charlotte, North Carolina
Geo-Congress 2022 ; 456-464
2022-03-17
Conference paper
Electronic Resource
English
Estimation of In Situ Densities for Tailings and Coal Combustion Residuals Using CPT Correlations
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