A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Current Knowledge on Heaving Mechanisms of Chromite Ore Processing Residue
Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) has in certain cases been associated with heaving phenomena. To understand the COPR heave mechanism, the site owner sponsored research that included extensive field investigation, site characterization and laboratory programs. Based on the results, this paper presents the current knowledge on COPR heave mechanisms. Among the different heaving mechanisms considered, ettringite formation had previously been reported as an expansion mechanism in cements and lime-treated soils. While site investigation revealed significant, localized presence of ettringite, it could not be correlated to the observed heave features. However, observations from test-trench activities and heave phenomena in ferrous sulfate treated COPR, confirmed that ettringite induced expansion constitutes a viable COPR heave mechanism. From other potential mechanisms that were evaluated, brownmillerite hydration to hydrogarnets remains the most viable. Although brownmillerite hydration proceeds extremely slowly at ambient temperature, hydrogarnet-rich material has been found in discrete layers in trenches at different sites, and has lately been associated with a major heave feature at SA-7. Accordingly, the conditions for rapid brownmillerite hydration and its associated potential for heave manifestation remain open to further investigation.
Current Knowledge on Heaving Mechanisms of Chromite Ore Processing Residue
Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) has in certain cases been associated with heaving phenomena. To understand the COPR heave mechanism, the site owner sponsored research that included extensive field investigation, site characterization and laboratory programs. Based on the results, this paper presents the current knowledge on COPR heave mechanisms. Among the different heaving mechanisms considered, ettringite formation had previously been reported as an expansion mechanism in cements and lime-treated soils. While site investigation revealed significant, localized presence of ettringite, it could not be correlated to the observed heave features. However, observations from test-trench activities and heave phenomena in ferrous sulfate treated COPR, confirmed that ettringite induced expansion constitutes a viable COPR heave mechanism. From other potential mechanisms that were evaluated, brownmillerite hydration to hydrogarnets remains the most viable. Although brownmillerite hydration proceeds extremely slowly at ambient temperature, hydrogarnet-rich material has been found in discrete layers in trenches at different sites, and has lately been associated with a major heave feature at SA-7. Accordingly, the conditions for rapid brownmillerite hydration and its associated potential for heave manifestation remain open to further investigation.
Current Knowledge on Heaving Mechanisms of Chromite Ore Processing Residue
Dermatas, Dimitris (author) / Chrysochoou, Maria (author) / Moon, Deok Hyun (author) / Kaouris, Maria (author) / Morris, John (author) / French, Chris (author)
GeoCongress 2008 ; 2008 ; New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
GeoCongress 2008 ; 391-398
2008-03-07
Conference paper
Electronic Resource
English
Current Knowledge on Heaving Mechanisms of Chromite Ore Processing Residue
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