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Drained and Undrained Strengths of Sand in Axisymmetric Tests at High Pressures
A high-pressure triaxial apparatus was employed to investigate the effects of initial relative density on the drained and undrained behavior of sand in compression and extension. Experiments were performed on Cambria sand with initial relative densities of 30, 60, and 90% with confining pressures in the range from 0.25 to 60 MPa. The isotropic compression curves merge at high pressures, thus resulting in a single compression curve and consequent similar sand response during shearing, independent of the initial relative density. The friction angles are higher in extension than in compression for lower confining pressures, but a crossover occurs and the friction angles are higher in compression than in extension for higher confining pressures. The failure envelopes merge at high pressures, and the shear strength of sand continues to increase linearly with confining pressure for all pressures of practical significance and beyond. Interpretation of all results in terms of total stresses shows that sand at high pressures in some respects behaves similar to normally consolidated clay: When plotted on a void ratio - log(stress) diagram, the compressive strengths from compression and extension triaxial tests, drained and undrained, all plot on the same curve, and this curve is parallel to the consolidation curve over a large range of stresses in this diagram.
Drained and Undrained Strengths of Sand in Axisymmetric Tests at High Pressures
A high-pressure triaxial apparatus was employed to investigate the effects of initial relative density on the drained and undrained behavior of sand in compression and extension. Experiments were performed on Cambria sand with initial relative densities of 30, 60, and 90% with confining pressures in the range from 0.25 to 60 MPa. The isotropic compression curves merge at high pressures, thus resulting in a single compression curve and consequent similar sand response during shearing, independent of the initial relative density. The friction angles are higher in extension than in compression for lower confining pressures, but a crossover occurs and the friction angles are higher in compression than in extension for higher confining pressures. The failure envelopes merge at high pressures, and the shear strength of sand continues to increase linearly with confining pressure for all pressures of practical significance and beyond. Interpretation of all results in terms of total stresses shows that sand at high pressures in some respects behaves similar to normally consolidated clay: When plotted on a void ratio - log(stress) diagram, the compressive strengths from compression and extension triaxial tests, drained and undrained, all plot on the same curve, and this curve is parallel to the consolidation curve over a large range of stresses in this diagram.
Drained and Undrained Strengths of Sand in Axisymmetric Tests at High Pressures
Lade, Poul V. (author) / Yamamuro, Jerry A. (author) / Bopp, Paul A. (author)
Second Japan-U.S. Workshop on Testing, Modeling, and Simulation in Geomechanics ; 2005 ; Kyoto, Japan
Geomechanics II ; 87-102
2006-08-28
Conference paper
Electronic Resource
English
Relative density effects on drained and undrained strengths of sand at high pressures
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