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Thermal Effects of Stormwater Control Measures on a Receiving Headwater Stream
Water temperature is an ecological health indicator in streams that is dynamically affected by weather, hydrologic, and anthropogenic sources. Thermal pollution is transferred to stormwater runoff during rainfall events as runoff flows across heated pavement surfaces in urban environments, eventually ending up in receiving water bodies. Temperature surges caused by thermally polluted runoff can have lasting consequences on stream ecology. This paper presents an assessment of the thermal impacts of the installation of two rain gardens, installed a year apart, and riparian buffer improvements on the headwaters of Jenkintown Creek, which is part of a highly urbanized watershed in southeastern Pennsylvania. Four years (2015–2018) of continuous precipitation and water temperature data were analyzed during pre- and post-stormwater control measure (SCM) construction periods. A stream depth/temperature sensor installed downstream of the SCMs collected water temperature and stream depth data, and an on-site weather station recorded precipitation data. The data analysis revealed that surges in water temperature of up to 4.4°C occurred in the headwaters of Jenkintown Creek during runoff events. Comparison of pre- and post-SCM stream temperature data showed that the median water temperature surge decreased by 1.3°C after the concurrent installation of the first rain garden, approximately upstream of the stream depth/temperature sensor, and riparian buffer improvements made between the first (i.e., Headwaters) rain garden and stream depth/temperature sensor. The installation of the second rain garden (i.e., 2nd Rain Garden), located approximately upstream of the water temperature sensor, did not cause a significant change in stream temperature surge. The negligible impact of the 2nd Rain Garden on stream temperature surge was attributed to the domed riser not properly sealed during construction, causing runoff to bypass the 2nd Rain Garden. The combination of the initial SCMs installed at the headwaters of the creek made significant contributions to mitigate thermal pollution in stormwater runoff. The method presented for analyzing stream temperature surges associated with stormwater runoff into receiving streams could be applied to other stormwater control measures.
Thermal Effects of Stormwater Control Measures on a Receiving Headwater Stream
Water temperature is an ecological health indicator in streams that is dynamically affected by weather, hydrologic, and anthropogenic sources. Thermal pollution is transferred to stormwater runoff during rainfall events as runoff flows across heated pavement surfaces in urban environments, eventually ending up in receiving water bodies. Temperature surges caused by thermally polluted runoff can have lasting consequences on stream ecology. This paper presents an assessment of the thermal impacts of the installation of two rain gardens, installed a year apart, and riparian buffer improvements on the headwaters of Jenkintown Creek, which is part of a highly urbanized watershed in southeastern Pennsylvania. Four years (2015–2018) of continuous precipitation and water temperature data were analyzed during pre- and post-stormwater control measure (SCM) construction periods. A stream depth/temperature sensor installed downstream of the SCMs collected water temperature and stream depth data, and an on-site weather station recorded precipitation data. The data analysis revealed that surges in water temperature of up to 4.4°C occurred in the headwaters of Jenkintown Creek during runoff events. Comparison of pre- and post-SCM stream temperature data showed that the median water temperature surge decreased by 1.3°C after the concurrent installation of the first rain garden, approximately upstream of the stream depth/temperature sensor, and riparian buffer improvements made between the first (i.e., Headwaters) rain garden and stream depth/temperature sensor. The installation of the second rain garden (i.e., 2nd Rain Garden), located approximately upstream of the water temperature sensor, did not cause a significant change in stream temperature surge. The negligible impact of the 2nd Rain Garden on stream temperature surge was attributed to the domed riser not properly sealed during construction, causing runoff to bypass the 2nd Rain Garden. The combination of the initial SCMs installed at the headwaters of the creek made significant contributions to mitigate thermal pollution in stormwater runoff. The method presented for analyzing stream temperature surges associated with stormwater runoff into receiving streams could be applied to other stormwater control measures.
Thermal Effects of Stormwater Control Measures on a Receiving Headwater Stream
Martin, R. M. (author) / Carvajal Sanchez, S. (author) / Welker, A. L. (author) / Komlos, J. (author)
2020-10-21
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
Unknown
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