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Siltation Behind Dams in Antiquity
The siltation behind dams in antiquity and measures to extend the operational life of reservoirs is illustrated for the Marib and Kebar dams in Yemen and Iran, respectively. For both dams siltation played a major role. The Marib dam impounded floodwaters to enable irrigation of downstream oases. Over several centuries, silts entrained in the irrigation water accumulated on the irrigated fields up to 15 m high, and the dam was raised to compensate for the loss of slope and conveyance due to the sedimentation. The Kebar dam was an arch dam designed as a small storage reservoir. In addition to small operational openings for irrigation water withdrawals, large openings on the upstream side of the dam were probably used during construction to pass the water of the river, but may also have been used for periodical flushing of accumulated sediments. Both examples show that the engineers of the time were keenly aware of reservoir siltation problems and were able to successfully extend the operational lifetime of the reservoirs by structural enhancements and probable sediment flushing.
Siltation Behind Dams in Antiquity
The siltation behind dams in antiquity and measures to extend the operational life of reservoirs is illustrated for the Marib and Kebar dams in Yemen and Iran, respectively. For both dams siltation played a major role. The Marib dam impounded floodwaters to enable irrigation of downstream oases. Over several centuries, silts entrained in the irrigation water accumulated on the irrigated fields up to 15 m high, and the dam was raised to compensate for the loss of slope and conveyance due to the sedimentation. The Kebar dam was an arch dam designed as a small storage reservoir. In addition to small operational openings for irrigation water withdrawals, large openings on the upstream side of the dam were probably used during construction to pass the water of the river, but may also have been used for periodical flushing of accumulated sediments. Both examples show that the engineers of the time were keenly aware of reservoir siltation problems and were able to successfully extend the operational lifetime of the reservoirs by structural enhancements and probable sediment flushing.
Siltation Behind Dams in Antiquity
Garbrecht, Jürgen D. (author) / Garbrecht, Guenther K. H. (author)
Water Resources and Environment History Sessions at Environmental and Water Reources Institute Annual Meeting 2004 ; 2004 ; Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
2004-06-09
Conference paper
Electronic Resource
English
Dams , Hydraulics , Iran , Hydrology , Silts , Sediment , History , Water resources , Water management , Canals , Design , Middle East , Civil engineering landmarks
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