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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
In-kitchen aerosol exposure in twelve cities across the globe
Poor ventilation and polluting cooking fuels in low-income homes cause high exposure, yet relevant global studies are limited. We assessed exposure to in-kitchen particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) employing similar instrumentation in 60 low-income homes across 12 cities: Dhaka (Bangladesh); Chennai (India); Nanjing (China); Medellín (Colombia); São Paulo (Brazil); Cairo (Egypt); Sulaymaniyah (Iraq); Addis Ababa (Ethiopia); Akure (Nigeria); Blantyre (Malawi); Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania) and Nairobi (Kenya). Exposure profiles of kitchen occupants showed that fuel, kitchen volume, cooking type and ventilation were the most prominent factors affecting in-kitchen exposure. Different cuisines resulted in varying cooking durations and disproportional exposures. Occupants in Dhaka, Nanjing, Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi spent > 40% of their cooking time frying (the highest particle emitting cooking activity) compared with ∼ 68% of time spent boiling/stewing in Cairo, Sulaymaniyah and Akure. The highest average PM 2.5 (PM 10 ) concentrations were in Dhaka 185 ± 48 (220 ± 58) μg m −3 owing to small kitchen volume, extensive frying and prolonged cooking compared with the lowest in Medellín 10 ± 3 (14 ± 2) μg m −3 . Dual ventilation (mechanical and natural) in Chennai, Cairo and Sulaymaniyah reduced average in-kitchen PM 2.5 and PM 10 by 2.3- and 1.8-times compared with natural ventilation (open doors) in Addis Ababa, Dar-es-Salam and Nairobi. Using charcoal during cooking (Addis Ababa, Blantyre and Nairobi) increased PM 2.5 levels by 1.3- and 3.1-times compared with using natural gas (Nanjing, Medellin and Cairo) and LPG (Chennai, Sao Paulo and Sulaymaniyah), respectively. Smaller-volume kitchens (<15 m 3 ; Dhaka and Nanjing) increased cooking exposure compared with their larger-volume counterparts (Medellin, Cairo and Sulaymaniyah). Potential exposure doses were highest for Asian, followed by African, Middle-eastern and South American homes. We recommend increased cooking exhaust extraction, cleaner fuels, awareness on ...
In-kitchen aerosol exposure in twelve cities across the globe
Poor ventilation and polluting cooking fuels in low-income homes cause high exposure, yet relevant global studies are limited. We assessed exposure to in-kitchen particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) employing similar instrumentation in 60 low-income homes across 12 cities: Dhaka (Bangladesh); Chennai (India); Nanjing (China); Medellín (Colombia); São Paulo (Brazil); Cairo (Egypt); Sulaymaniyah (Iraq); Addis Ababa (Ethiopia); Akure (Nigeria); Blantyre (Malawi); Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania) and Nairobi (Kenya). Exposure profiles of kitchen occupants showed that fuel, kitchen volume, cooking type and ventilation were the most prominent factors affecting in-kitchen exposure. Different cuisines resulted in varying cooking durations and disproportional exposures. Occupants in Dhaka, Nanjing, Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi spent > 40% of their cooking time frying (the highest particle emitting cooking activity) compared with ∼ 68% of time spent boiling/stewing in Cairo, Sulaymaniyah and Akure. The highest average PM 2.5 (PM 10 ) concentrations were in Dhaka 185 ± 48 (220 ± 58) μg m −3 owing to small kitchen volume, extensive frying and prolonged cooking compared with the lowest in Medellín 10 ± 3 (14 ± 2) μg m −3 . Dual ventilation (mechanical and natural) in Chennai, Cairo and Sulaymaniyah reduced average in-kitchen PM 2.5 and PM 10 by 2.3- and 1.8-times compared with natural ventilation (open doors) in Addis Ababa, Dar-es-Salam and Nairobi. Using charcoal during cooking (Addis Ababa, Blantyre and Nairobi) increased PM 2.5 levels by 1.3- and 3.1-times compared with using natural gas (Nanjing, Medellin and Cairo) and LPG (Chennai, Sao Paulo and Sulaymaniyah), respectively. Smaller-volume kitchens (<15 m 3 ; Dhaka and Nanjing) increased cooking exposure compared with their larger-volume counterparts (Medellin, Cairo and Sulaymaniyah). Potential exposure doses were highest for Asian, followed by African, Middle-eastern and South American homes. We recommend increased cooking exhaust extraction, cleaner fuels, awareness on ...
In-kitchen aerosol exposure in twelve cities across the globe
Kumar, Prashant (author) / Hama, Sarkawt (author) / Abbass, Rana Alaa (author) / Nogueira, Thiago (author) / Brand, Veronika S. (author) / Wu, Huai Wen (author) / Abulude, Francis Olawale (author) / Adelodun, Adedeji A. (author) / Anand, Partibha (author) / Andrade, Maria de Fatima (author)
2022-04-01
Kumar , P , Hama , S , Abbass , R A , Nogueira , T , Brand , V S , Wu , H W , Abulude , F O , Adelodun , A A , Anand , P , Andrade , M D F , Apondo , W , Asfaw , A , Aziz , K H , Cao , S J , El-Gendy , A , Indu , G , Kehbila , A G , Ketzel , M , Khare , M , Kota , S H , Mamo , T , Manyozo , S , Martinez , J , McNabola , A , Morawska , L , Mustafa , F , Muula , A S , Nahian , S , Nardocci , A C , Nelson , W , Ngowi , A V , Njoroge , G , Olaya , Y , Omer , K , Osano , P , Sarkar Pavel , M R , Salam , A , Santos , E L C , Sitati , C & Shiva Nagendra , S M 2022 , ' In-kitchen aerosol exposure in twelve cities across the globe ' , Environment International , vol. 162 , 107155 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107155
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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