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Characterization and structural elucidation of compounds in unconventional crude oils
Hydrocarbons are one of the most important compound classes on earth. They consist of only two elements (carbon and hydrogen). Nevertheless, due to the various bonding possibilities of carbon, they are very diverse in their molecular structures. Such a wide structural diversity leads to a broad range of physical and chemical properties among the compounds of this class. With depletion of conventional crude oil resources, the widest margin of hydrocarbon structural diversity is detected in unconventional crude oil resources. (e.g. bitumen and heavy oil). Hydrocarbons derived from these resources are of extreme importance due to their application as source of: fuel, heat, electricity and industrial chemicals which improve quality of our modern life (e.g. polymers, pharmaceuticals, etc). Therefore, it is very important to have molecular level, structural information about the diverse range of petroleum hydrocarbons. Such information helps us to prevent most of the industrial challenges and to comply with the sustainability and environmental protection goals. Due to the high complexity of crude oil samples, a pre-simplification step is the prerequisite of a detailed analysis. In this step, hydrocarbon constituents are separated into different fractions. One of the conventional fractionation techniques is the so-called SARA (Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, Asphaltene) fractionation. Structural complexity, ratio of heteroatom content and aromaticity of the compounds in these fractions increase accordingly from the saturate towards the asphaltene fraction. Thence, the saturate fraction is considered to contain the simplest and the most volatile compounds of crude oil. Contrarily, the asphaltene fraction contains more complex compounds with condensed aromatic structures, a higher ratio of heteroatom containing organic compounds and inorganic compounds. To date, there are only few reports available about the structural diversity of the saturate fraction, which in all of them gas chromatography (GC) or GC intermediated mass ...
Characterization and structural elucidation of compounds in unconventional crude oils
Hydrocarbons are one of the most important compound classes on earth. They consist of only two elements (carbon and hydrogen). Nevertheless, due to the various bonding possibilities of carbon, they are very diverse in their molecular structures. Such a wide structural diversity leads to a broad range of physical and chemical properties among the compounds of this class. With depletion of conventional crude oil resources, the widest margin of hydrocarbon structural diversity is detected in unconventional crude oil resources. (e.g. bitumen and heavy oil). Hydrocarbons derived from these resources are of extreme importance due to their application as source of: fuel, heat, electricity and industrial chemicals which improve quality of our modern life (e.g. polymers, pharmaceuticals, etc). Therefore, it is very important to have molecular level, structural information about the diverse range of petroleum hydrocarbons. Such information helps us to prevent most of the industrial challenges and to comply with the sustainability and environmental protection goals. Due to the high complexity of crude oil samples, a pre-simplification step is the prerequisite of a detailed analysis. In this step, hydrocarbon constituents are separated into different fractions. One of the conventional fractionation techniques is the so-called SARA (Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, Asphaltene) fractionation. Structural complexity, ratio of heteroatom content and aromaticity of the compounds in these fractions increase accordingly from the saturate towards the asphaltene fraction. Thence, the saturate fraction is considered to contain the simplest and the most volatile compounds of crude oil. Contrarily, the asphaltene fraction contains more complex compounds with condensed aromatic structures, a higher ratio of heteroatom containing organic compounds and inorganic compounds. To date, there are only few reports available about the structural diversity of the saturate fraction, which in all of them gas chromatography (GC) or GC intermediated mass ...
Characterization and structural elucidation of compounds in unconventional crude oils
Farmani, Zahra (author) / Schrader, Wolfgang
2023-03-28
Theses
Electronic Resource
English
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