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Impacts of Demand Response and Surplus Heat Recovery in Data Centres on the Danish Energy System
Overview Data centre electricity demand is expected to boom in the coming years. Data centres are estimated to have consumed 200-250 TWh in 2020, equivalent to about 1% of global electricity demand [1]. This consumption has remained relatively stable over the last decade as energy efficiency measures have offset the impact of growing demand. However, it is uncertain how long this trend can continue [2,3]. It is estimated that data centre electricity consumption in the European Union will increase by 28%, from 76.8 TWh to 98.5 TWh, in 2018-2030 [4]. This rise in energy demand is likely to hinder energy transition efforts, with very practical risks at national and regional levels due to the geographically clustered development of this industry. Countries such as Denmark, recently ranked as the “best location for data centres” [5], offer the right conditions to attract large data centres and are currently facing rapid development of them [6]. For instance, Apple, Facebook, and Google have opened large MW-scale premises since 2019, with plans to expand them further in the coming years [5,7]. As a result, Danish data centre energy use is expected to grow from 0.88 TWh to 8.8 TWh in 2020-2030, reaching about 15% of national electricity demand by the end of the period [8]. This situation creates unprecedented needs to expand electricity supply and reinforce electricity grids [6] that might jeopardise the achievement of current energy transition targets. The Danish parliament has committed to reaching carbon neutrality by 2050, a 55% share of renewable energy by 2030, and a non-fossil district heating supply of 90% as early as 2030 [9,10]. Despite this sustainability risk, data centres offer new, previously overlooked opportunities to support the transition. The smart integration of data centres into electricity systems offering flexibility services via energy storage and into district heating systems by recovering surplus heat would actively support the least-cost energy transformation of both systems and bring new ...
Impacts of Demand Response and Surplus Heat Recovery in Data Centres on the Danish Energy System
Overview Data centre electricity demand is expected to boom in the coming years. Data centres are estimated to have consumed 200-250 TWh in 2020, equivalent to about 1% of global electricity demand [1]. This consumption has remained relatively stable over the last decade as energy efficiency measures have offset the impact of growing demand. However, it is uncertain how long this trend can continue [2,3]. It is estimated that data centre electricity consumption in the European Union will increase by 28%, from 76.8 TWh to 98.5 TWh, in 2018-2030 [4]. This rise in energy demand is likely to hinder energy transition efforts, with very practical risks at national and regional levels due to the geographically clustered development of this industry. Countries such as Denmark, recently ranked as the “best location for data centres” [5], offer the right conditions to attract large data centres and are currently facing rapid development of them [6]. For instance, Apple, Facebook, and Google have opened large MW-scale premises since 2019, with plans to expand them further in the coming years [5,7]. As a result, Danish data centre energy use is expected to grow from 0.88 TWh to 8.8 TWh in 2020-2030, reaching about 15% of national electricity demand by the end of the period [8]. This situation creates unprecedented needs to expand electricity supply and reinforce electricity grids [6] that might jeopardise the achievement of current energy transition targets. The Danish parliament has committed to reaching carbon neutrality by 2050, a 55% share of renewable energy by 2030, and a non-fossil district heating supply of 90% as early as 2030 [9,10]. Despite this sustainability risk, data centres offer new, previously overlooked opportunities to support the transition. The smart integration of data centres into electricity systems offering flexibility services via energy storage and into district heating systems by recovering surplus heat would actively support the least-cost energy transformation of both systems and bring new ...
Impacts of Demand Response and Surplus Heat Recovery in Data Centres on the Danish Energy System
Monsalves, Juan Jesús Jerez (author) / Bergaentzlé, Claire (author) / Keles, Dogan (author) / Gea-Bermudez, Juan (author)
2022-01-01
Monsalves , J J J , Bergaentzlé , C , Keles , D & Gea-Bermudez , J 2022 , ' Impacts of Demand Response and Surplus Heat Recovery in Data Centres on the Danish Energy System ' , 43rd IAEE International Conference , Tokyo , Japan , 31/07/2022 - 04/08/2022 .
Conference paper
Electronic Resource
English
DDC:
690
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