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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Development of analytical and remediation methods for highly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known as omnipresent contaminants in the environment. Over the last 40 years, PAH contaminated soils from industrial sites are monitored according to a list of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PAH. However, high molecular weight (alkylated) PAH along with polycyclic aromatic heterocycles (PAXH, X = N, S, O) can occur in the contaminated soil as well. Questions have been arisen, such as: “How complex are PAH contaminated soils?” or “How do contaminants other than 16 EPA PAH behave under different remediation conditions?” In order to answer these questions, a new analytical strategy has to be applied. This can be realized by applying the state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation, for instance Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), by a non-targeted approach. As the first step, the extraction efficiency of different extraction methods, including Soxhlet extraction with various extraction solvents as well as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2, were compared for the non-targeted analysis of PAXH in a model sample (sand with crude oil spiked). Dichloromethane turned out to be the most suitable solvent when using Soxhlet extraction for the non-targeted analysis of PAXH in contaminated soils. Subsequently, a highly PAXH contaminated soil (with 64,500 ± 9,500 mg kg-1 solvent extractable organics (SEO)) was characterized using FTMS with three atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods in both polarities. In total, 21.958 distinct elemental compositions could be assigned for this single sample. Results revealed that highly aromatized PAH with double bond equivalent (DBE) over 70 and PAXH, especially azaarenes, co-occurred in the contaminated soil. The pyrogenic origin of this contaminated soil could be proven by the unique DBE vs. carbon count distributions of PAXH. After the characterization of the contaminated soil, it was subjected to different remediation techniques, including physical remediation via density separation and solvent ...
Development of analytical and remediation methods for highly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known as omnipresent contaminants in the environment. Over the last 40 years, PAH contaminated soils from industrial sites are monitored according to a list of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PAH. However, high molecular weight (alkylated) PAH along with polycyclic aromatic heterocycles (PAXH, X = N, S, O) can occur in the contaminated soil as well. Questions have been arisen, such as: “How complex are PAH contaminated soils?” or “How do contaminants other than 16 EPA PAH behave under different remediation conditions?” In order to answer these questions, a new analytical strategy has to be applied. This can be realized by applying the state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation, for instance Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), by a non-targeted approach. As the first step, the extraction efficiency of different extraction methods, including Soxhlet extraction with various extraction solvents as well as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2, were compared for the non-targeted analysis of PAXH in a model sample (sand with crude oil spiked). Dichloromethane turned out to be the most suitable solvent when using Soxhlet extraction for the non-targeted analysis of PAXH in contaminated soils. Subsequently, a highly PAXH contaminated soil (with 64,500 ± 9,500 mg kg-1 solvent extractable organics (SEO)) was characterized using FTMS with three atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods in both polarities. In total, 21.958 distinct elemental compositions could be assigned for this single sample. Results revealed that highly aromatized PAH with double bond equivalent (DBE) over 70 and PAXH, especially azaarenes, co-occurred in the contaminated soil. The pyrogenic origin of this contaminated soil could be proven by the unique DBE vs. carbon count distributions of PAXH. After the characterization of the contaminated soil, it was subjected to different remediation techniques, including physical remediation via density separation and solvent ...
Development of analytical and remediation methods for highly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils
Luo, Ruoji (author) / Schrader, Wolfgang
2023-07-04
Theses
Electronic Resource
English
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