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Modified and unmodified technical lignins as flame retardants for polypropylene
Polyolefins used in building materials and furniture require the use of flame-retardant (FR) additives to improve their fire safety. Such additives should be safe to humans and the environment, and preferably bio-based. In the present work, the FR performance of unmodified and chemically modified technical lignins was compared to that of the ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol (APP/PER) intumescent system in a polypropylene (PP) matrix. Micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) was used to study the peak heat release rate (PHR), temperature at PHR (TPHR), total heat release (THR) and char yield upon thermal decomposition of milligram-scale specimens. The PP/lignin composites showed up to 41% lower PHR and up to 36% lower THR compared to pure PP as well as large char residues. Based on the same parameters, especially the PP/lignin composites made with modified lignins outperformed the reference PP/APP/PER system and the PP/APP/lignin composites where unmodified lignin was used with APP. The most promising PP/lignin composites were prepared with partially demethylated/demethoxylated and depolymerised kraft lignin (‘CatLignin’), modified by the Mannich reaction to a nitrogen content of 13.5%.
Modified and unmodified technical lignins as flame retardants for polypropylene
Polyolefins used in building materials and furniture require the use of flame-retardant (FR) additives to improve their fire safety. Such additives should be safe to humans and the environment, and preferably bio-based. In the present work, the FR performance of unmodified and chemically modified technical lignins was compared to that of the ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol (APP/PER) intumescent system in a polypropylene (PP) matrix. Micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) was used to study the peak heat release rate (PHR), temperature at PHR (TPHR), total heat release (THR) and char yield upon thermal decomposition of milligram-scale specimens. The PP/lignin composites showed up to 41% lower PHR and up to 36% lower THR compared to pure PP as well as large char residues. Based on the same parameters, especially the PP/lignin composites made with modified lignins outperformed the reference PP/APP/PER system and the PP/APP/lignin composites where unmodified lignin was used with APP. The most promising PP/lignin composites were prepared with partially demethylated/demethoxylated and depolymerised kraft lignin (‘CatLignin’), modified by the Mannich reaction to a nitrogen content of 13.5%.
Modified and unmodified technical lignins as flame retardants for polypropylene
Widsten, Petri (author) / Tamminen, Tarja (author) / Paajanen, Antti (author) / Hakkarainen, Tuula (author) / Liitiä, Tiina (author)
2021-06-01
Widsten , P , Tamminen , T , Paajanen , A , Hakkarainen , T & Liitiä , T 2021 , ' Modified and unmodified technical lignins as flame retardants for polypropylene ' , Holzforschung , vol. 75 , no. 6 , pp. 584-590 . https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2020-0147
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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