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Metal waste management and recycling methods in the nuclear power plant decommissioning and dismantling process ; Gospodarenje otpadnim metalom i metode recikliranja u procesu razgradnje i demontaže nuklearnih elektrana
Decommissioning and dismantlement of nuclear power plants (NPP) present the final phase of a nuclear power plant lifetime and are an essential part of an efective nuclear safety culture. While some countries are implementing nuclear exit strategies and others are building new nuclear power plants or prolonging their lifetimes, the decommissioning of facilities is imminent. This paper gives a short overview on decommissioning and dismantling strategies and techniques as an introduction to the applicability of radioactive metal waste recycling and reuse. General estimations suggest that the majority of the waste mass resulting from decommissioning and dismantling is radiologically unrestricted material i.e. exempt waste. The remaining one-third is the radioactive material with different levels of radioactivity. To present radioactive metal scrap recycling in practice, this paper addresses estimations on metal waste amounts resulting from decommissioning, the use of melting as a possible recycling method (with regard to secondary waste generated) and aspects of environmental and health impacts. Additionally, the best practice example of the decommissioning process in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) with NPP technology is given to provide context for the possible future decommissioning of NPP Krško. After consideration of the available data on decommissioning waste management, the conclusion is that while the decision on decommissioning strategies and technologies is not straightforward but unique to each country, current experiences give important context to the complexity and potential of decommissioning and provide a basis for future actions. ; Razgradnja i demontaža nuklearnih elektrana predstavljaju završnu fazu životnoga vijeka nuklearnih postrojenja te su sastavni dio djelotvorne kulture nuklearne sigurnosti. Dok neke zemlje provode izlazne nuklearne strategije, a druge planiraju izgradnju novih postrojenja ili produljuju životni vijek postojećima, razgradnja postrojenja neizbježna je. U radu se daje kratak pregled strategija i tehnika razgradnje i demontaže kao uvod u mogućnosti recikliranja i ponovne upotrebe radioaktivnoga metalnog otpada. Opće procjene upućuju na to da je većina otpada koji proizlazi iz razgradnje i demontaže radiološki materijal izuzet iz nadzora. Preostala je trećina radioaktivni materijal s različitim rasponom radioaktivnosti. Kako bi se recikliranje radioaktivnoga otpadnog metala prezentiralo u praksi, članak daje osvrt na procjenu količine otpadnoga metala koji proizlazi iz procesa razgradnje, korištenje topljenja kao moguće metode recikliranja (uključujući i sekundarni otpad) i aspekte utjecaja na okoliš i zdravlje. Također, dan je i primjer procesa razgradnje u tipu nuklearnoga postrojenja s vodenim reaktorom pod pritiskom, kao primjer konteksta buduće razgradnje Nuklearne elektrane Krško (NEK). Nakon razmatranja dostupnih podataka o gospodarenju otpadom nastalim razgradnjom i demontažom zaključak je da iako odluka o strategiji i tehnologiji razgradnje nije jednostavna, već jedinstvena za svaku zemlju, trenutačna iskustva daju važan uvid u kontekst složenosti i potencijala razgradnje te pružaju osnovu za buduće radnje.
Metal waste management and recycling methods in the nuclear power plant decommissioning and dismantling process ; Gospodarenje otpadnim metalom i metode recikliranja u procesu razgradnje i demontaže nuklearnih elektrana
Decommissioning and dismantlement of nuclear power plants (NPP) present the final phase of a nuclear power plant lifetime and are an essential part of an efective nuclear safety culture. While some countries are implementing nuclear exit strategies and others are building new nuclear power plants or prolonging their lifetimes, the decommissioning of facilities is imminent. This paper gives a short overview on decommissioning and dismantling strategies and techniques as an introduction to the applicability of radioactive metal waste recycling and reuse. General estimations suggest that the majority of the waste mass resulting from decommissioning and dismantling is radiologically unrestricted material i.e. exempt waste. The remaining one-third is the radioactive material with different levels of radioactivity. To present radioactive metal scrap recycling in practice, this paper addresses estimations on metal waste amounts resulting from decommissioning, the use of melting as a possible recycling method (with regard to secondary waste generated) and aspects of environmental and health impacts. Additionally, the best practice example of the decommissioning process in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) with NPP technology is given to provide context for the possible future decommissioning of NPP Krško. After consideration of the available data on decommissioning waste management, the conclusion is that while the decision on decommissioning strategies and technologies is not straightforward but unique to each country, current experiences give important context to the complexity and potential of decommissioning and provide a basis for future actions. ; Razgradnja i demontaža nuklearnih elektrana predstavljaju završnu fazu životnoga vijeka nuklearnih postrojenja te su sastavni dio djelotvorne kulture nuklearne sigurnosti. Dok neke zemlje provode izlazne nuklearne strategije, a druge planiraju izgradnju novih postrojenja ili produljuju životni vijek postojećima, razgradnja postrojenja neizbježna je. U radu se daje kratak pregled strategija i tehnika razgradnje i demontaže kao uvod u mogućnosti recikliranja i ponovne upotrebe radioaktivnoga metalnog otpada. Opće procjene upućuju na to da je većina otpada koji proizlazi iz razgradnje i demontaže radiološki materijal izuzet iz nadzora. Preostala je trećina radioaktivni materijal s različitim rasponom radioaktivnosti. Kako bi se recikliranje radioaktivnoga otpadnog metala prezentiralo u praksi, članak daje osvrt na procjenu količine otpadnoga metala koji proizlazi iz procesa razgradnje, korištenje topljenja kao moguće metode recikliranja (uključujući i sekundarni otpad) i aspekte utjecaja na okoliš i zdravlje. Također, dan je i primjer procesa razgradnje u tipu nuklearnoga postrojenja s vodenim reaktorom pod pritiskom, kao primjer konteksta buduće razgradnje Nuklearne elektrane Krško (NEK). Nakon razmatranja dostupnih podataka o gospodarenju otpadom nastalim razgradnjom i demontažom zaključak je da iako odluka o strategiji i tehnologiji razgradnje nije jednostavna, već jedinstvena za svaku zemlju, trenutačna iskustva daju važan uvid u kontekst složenosti i potencijala razgradnje te pružaju osnovu za buduće radnje.
Metal waste management and recycling methods in the nuclear power plant decommissioning and dismantling process ; Gospodarenje otpadnim metalom i metode recikliranja u procesu razgradnje i demontaže nuklearnih elektrana
Mostečak, Ana (author) / Bedeković, Gordan (author)
2018-01-15
https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/rgn/article/view/5222/pdf ; Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik ; Volume 33 ; Issue 1 ; ISSN 0353-4529 (Print) ; ISSN 1849-0409 (Online)
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
nuclear power plants , Petroleum and Geology Engineering , razgradnja i demontaža , TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Rudarstvo , TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Mining , waste management , metal recycling , nafta i geološko inženjerstvo , decommissioning and dismantling , recikliranje metala , nuklearne elektrane , gospodarenje otpadom
DDC:
710
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