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Groundwater resources in the East African Rift Valley: Understanding the geogenic contamination and water quality challenges in Tanzania
Over the years, groundwater has been used as a means of adaptation to the seasonal and perennial scarcity of surface water. Groundwater provides water for households, livestock, and irrigation in semi-arid areas of Tanzania. It is acknowledged that groundwater is sus-ceptible to chemical and other mineral contamination which not only poses a threat to the health of human beings and livestock but also agriculture. However, the potential of groundwater in terms of its viability and quality has not received adequate scrutiny from scholars. This paper provides a review of water quality and highlights the geogenic con-tamination of groundwater resources in Tanzania. The literature reviewed focused on the water resource sector in the major drainage basins of Tanzania, the information about drinking water quality with respect to geogenic contamination were sought. This paper has established that fluoride is the main and well-known groundwater contaminant. This is attributed to the existence of fluoride-rich minerals such as fluorite (CaF2), fluorapatite (Ca-5(PO4)(3)F), cryolite (Na3AlF6), sellaite (MgF2), villiaumite (NaF), and topaz ((Al-2(SiO4)F-2), bastnaesite ((Ca, La, Nd)CO3F), and their ash deposits peeling from the granite and alka -line volcanic rocks, dominant in the region. The presence of fluoride in water sources in northern Tanzannia, part of the EARV contributes to the serious health effects on humans such as dental, skeletal, and crippling fluorosis. In addition, some literature indicated ar-senic as a serious drinking water geogenic pollutant in the north-west parts of Tanzania. They pointed out that oxidation of arsenopyrite minerals is responsible for the dissolution and release of arsenic into groundwater. From this review we conclude that information on geochemistry/hydro-geochemistry of fluoride and arsenic in the aquifers is far inadequate and recommends that more research and development (R&D) effort s from scholars, researchers, and government institutions should be invested for further ...
Groundwater resources in the East African Rift Valley: Understanding the geogenic contamination and water quality challenges in Tanzania
Over the years, groundwater has been used as a means of adaptation to the seasonal and perennial scarcity of surface water. Groundwater provides water for households, livestock, and irrigation in semi-arid areas of Tanzania. It is acknowledged that groundwater is sus-ceptible to chemical and other mineral contamination which not only poses a threat to the health of human beings and livestock but also agriculture. However, the potential of groundwater in terms of its viability and quality has not received adequate scrutiny from scholars. This paper provides a review of water quality and highlights the geogenic con-tamination of groundwater resources in Tanzania. The literature reviewed focused on the water resource sector in the major drainage basins of Tanzania, the information about drinking water quality with respect to geogenic contamination were sought. This paper has established that fluoride is the main and well-known groundwater contaminant. This is attributed to the existence of fluoride-rich minerals such as fluorite (CaF2), fluorapatite (Ca-5(PO4)(3)F), cryolite (Na3AlF6), sellaite (MgF2), villiaumite (NaF), and topaz ((Al-2(SiO4)F-2), bastnaesite ((Ca, La, Nd)CO3F), and their ash deposits peeling from the granite and alka -line volcanic rocks, dominant in the region. The presence of fluoride in water sources in northern Tanzannia, part of the EARV contributes to the serious health effects on humans such as dental, skeletal, and crippling fluorosis. In addition, some literature indicated ar-senic as a serious drinking water geogenic pollutant in the north-west parts of Tanzania. They pointed out that oxidation of arsenopyrite minerals is responsible for the dissolution and release of arsenic into groundwater. From this review we conclude that information on geochemistry/hydro-geochemistry of fluoride and arsenic in the aquifers is far inadequate and recommends that more research and development (R&D) effort s from scholars, researchers, and government institutions should be invested for further ...
Groundwater resources in the East African Rift Valley: Understanding the geogenic contamination and water quality challenges in Tanzania
Ligate, Fanuel Josephat (author) / Ijumulana, Julian (author) / Ahmad, Arslan (author) / Kimambo, Vivian (author) / Irunde, Regina Filemon (author) / Mtamba, Joseph O. (author) / Mtalo, Felix (author) / Bhattacharya, Prosun (author)
2021-01-01
ISI:000706411800037
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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