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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Mechano-chemically activated local clays as sustainable binder replacement for 3D concrete mixtures
Concrete production is a major contributor to global CO2 emissions, driving interest in sustainable alternatives to Portland cement (OPC). As cement is one of the major components which is used for a huge amount in 3D printed concrete, achieving sustainability and carbon neutrality can be particularly challenging. During the past few years, new solutions have been found regarding the use of locally sourced clays, in the shape of limestone calcined clay (LC3) mixtures. Locally sourced clays are abundant and environmentally friendly, making them promising candidates for sustainable concrete. However, as the clays found in the Netherlands and Germany contain a relatively low kaolin content, calcination of these clays to make them reactive is less effective. Recently, the technique of mechano-chemical activation (MCA) has been reported as another promising solution for activating clays, which could even be suitable for low-kaolinitic clays. During MCA, the energy from impacts and friction induces disorder in the material, creating an increased pozzolanic reactivity. Until now, most studies focus on the mechanisms of either MCA or 3D printing, while the combination of these mechanisms into a single mix design holds undiscovered sustainable potential. The increased sustainability arises from the lower transportation footprint due to local sourcing, and a reduction in thermal CO2 footprint compared to calcinated clays, which are also important parameters for economic viability [1]. To combine the knowledge of both MCA and 3D printing, this study evaluates the potential of mechano-chemical activation (MCA) of Dutch clays (Geertjes Golf, ‘GG’) and German clays (Belgern, ‘BG’) for 3D printing purposes, by comparing the locally obtained activated clays with calcined clay ("CC") to evaluate their reactivity.
Mechano-chemically activated local clays as sustainable binder replacement for 3D concrete mixtures
Concrete production is a major contributor to global CO2 emissions, driving interest in sustainable alternatives to Portland cement (OPC). As cement is one of the major components which is used for a huge amount in 3D printed concrete, achieving sustainability and carbon neutrality can be particularly challenging. During the past few years, new solutions have been found regarding the use of locally sourced clays, in the shape of limestone calcined clay (LC3) mixtures. Locally sourced clays are abundant and environmentally friendly, making them promising candidates for sustainable concrete. However, as the clays found in the Netherlands and Germany contain a relatively low kaolin content, calcination of these clays to make them reactive is less effective. Recently, the technique of mechano-chemical activation (MCA) has been reported as another promising solution for activating clays, which could even be suitable for low-kaolinitic clays. During MCA, the energy from impacts and friction induces disorder in the material, creating an increased pozzolanic reactivity. Until now, most studies focus on the mechanisms of either MCA or 3D printing, while the combination of these mechanisms into a single mix design holds undiscovered sustainable potential. The increased sustainability arises from the lower transportation footprint due to local sourcing, and a reduction in thermal CO2 footprint compared to calcinated clays, which are also important parameters for economic viability [1]. To combine the knowledge of both MCA and 3D printing, this study evaluates the potential of mechano-chemical activation (MCA) of Dutch clays (Geertjes Golf, ‘GG’) and German clays (Belgern, ‘BG’) for 3D printing purposes, by comparing the locally obtained activated clays with calcined clay ("CC") to evaluate their reactivity.
Mechano-chemically activated local clays as sustainable binder replacement for 3D concrete mixtures
2024-01-01
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Strength Assessment of Chemically Activated Binder Concrete
| Springer Verlag | 2024
| European Patent Office | 2021
| European Patent Office | 2019
| European Patent Office | 2022
| European Patent Office | 2021