A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Control of Bromate Formation in Desalinated Seawater Production and Transmission with Ammoniation
Bromate is a potentially carcinogenic disinfection by-product of potential concern in desalinated waters, where bromide derived from seawater can be converted to bromate by the oxidising species used for disinfection. Historically, it has been difficult to maintain complete adherence to national standards of no more than 10 ppb for bromate at all locations served with desalinated seawater by the Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this full-scale study, the addition of 100–200 ppb of ammonia to the produced water of a Multi-Stage Flash Desalination plant effectively controlled the formation of bromate in the transmission system supplying inland centres in the Makkah Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arafa, Taif) on a time scale sufficient for the distribution of water to the consumer, even when the bromide content of the produced water was artificially enhanced (up to 132 ppb) via the addition of seawater.
Control of Bromate Formation in Desalinated Seawater Production and Transmission with Ammoniation
Bromate is a potentially carcinogenic disinfection by-product of potential concern in desalinated waters, where bromide derived from seawater can be converted to bromate by the oxidising species used for disinfection. Historically, it has been difficult to maintain complete adherence to national standards of no more than 10 ppb for bromate at all locations served with desalinated seawater by the Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this full-scale study, the addition of 100–200 ppb of ammonia to the produced water of a Multi-Stage Flash Desalination plant effectively controlled the formation of bromate in the transmission system supplying inland centres in the Makkah Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arafa, Taif) on a time scale sufficient for the distribution of water to the consumer, even when the bromide content of the produced water was artificially enhanced (up to 132 ppb) via the addition of seawater.
Control of Bromate Formation in Desalinated Seawater Production and Transmission with Ammoniation
Ali A. Alhamzah (author) / Abdulrahman S. Alofi (author) / Abdulrahman A. Abid (author) / Christopher M. Fellows (author)
2023
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
Unknown
Metadata by DOAJ is licensed under ​CC BY-SA 1.0
Corrosion Behavior of Typical Metal Materials in Desalinated Seawater
| British Library Online Contents | 2013
Corrosion Behavior of 321 Stainless Steel in Desalinated Seawater
| British Library Online Contents | 2012
River hydroelectric power generation system with which desalinated seawater is provided
| European Patent Office | 2017
Supply of blends of desalinated seawater: Effects on the flavour
| Online Contents | 2009