A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
THE VALUE OF REAL AND VIRTUAL WATER IN THE PRODUCTION OF CONCRET IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF BELÉM-PABelém-PA, AMAZONIA, BRAZIL
Water is present in civil construction in real and virtual forms. Real water is used in the extraction of raw materials, for manufacturing building materials and during the daily activities of buildings. Virtual water, on the other hand, is incorporated into the product. Assuming growth in concrete production and water scarcity concerns, this research proposed analysing the amounts, importance and economic values of real and virtual water as intrinsic parts of concrete. By considering the amount of water in raw materials and the corresponding unit costs, the percentages of increase in the value of one cubic metre of concrete correspond to less than 1.14% for real water and 39.9% for virtual water. These price differences, although they exist, are currently not added to the final production price of concrete. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the amount of this natural resource as an inherent part of concrete, so that the value of water can effectively be perceived and approximated by the construction sector today and in the future.
THE VALUE OF REAL AND VIRTUAL WATER IN THE PRODUCTION OF CONCRET IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF BELÉM-PABelém-PA, AMAZONIA, BRAZIL
Water is present in civil construction in real and virtual forms. Real water is used in the extraction of raw materials, for manufacturing building materials and during the daily activities of buildings. Virtual water, on the other hand, is incorporated into the product. Assuming growth in concrete production and water scarcity concerns, this research proposed analysing the amounts, importance and economic values of real and virtual water as intrinsic parts of concrete. By considering the amount of water in raw materials and the corresponding unit costs, the percentages of increase in the value of one cubic metre of concrete correspond to less than 1.14% for real water and 39.9% for virtual water. These price differences, although they exist, are currently not added to the final production price of concrete. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the amount of this natural resource as an inherent part of concrete, so that the value of water can effectively be perceived and approximated by the construction sector today and in the future.
THE VALUE OF REAL AND VIRTUAL WATER IN THE PRODUCTION OF CONCRET IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF BELÉM-PABelém-PA, AMAZONIA, BRAZIL
Lidianne Pereira Gomes Lucas Barreto (author) / Claudio Blanco (author) / André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro Duarte (author) / Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil Claudio José (author) / Marcelo de Souza Picanço de Souza Picanço (author) / Marcelly de Figueiredo Mendonça (author) / Renata Godinho Pinto (author)
2023
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
Unknown
Metadata by DOAJ is licensed under CC BY-SA 1.0
Urban agriculture in Belém, Brazil
| Online Contents | 2000
Un exemple concret d'economie d'energie
Taylor & Francis Verlag | 1977