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Nitrogen management challenges in major watersheds of South America
Urbanization and land use changes alter the nitrogen (N) cycle, with critical consequences for continental freshwater resources, coastal zones, and human health. Sewage and poor watershed management lead to impoverishment of inland water resources and degradation of coastal zones. Here we review the N contents of rivers of the three most important watersheds in South America: the Amazon, La Plata, and Orinoco basins. To evaluate potential impacts on coastal zones, we also present data on small- and medium-sized Venezuelan watersheds that drain into the Caribbean Sea and are impacted by anthropogenic activities. Median concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were 325 μ g L ^−1 and 275 μ g L ^−1 in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, respectively, increasing to nearly 850 μ g L ^−1 in La Plata Basin rivers and 2000 μ g L ^−1 in small northern Venezuelan watersheds. The median TDN yield of Amazon Basin rivers (approximately 4 kg ha ^−1 yr ^−1 ) was larger than TDN yields of undisturbed rivers of the La Plata and Orinoco basins; however, TDN yields of polluted rivers were much higher than those of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. Organic matter loads from natural and anthropogenic sources in rivers of South America strongly influence the N dynamics of this region.
Nitrogen management challenges in major watersheds of South America
Urbanization and land use changes alter the nitrogen (N) cycle, with critical consequences for continental freshwater resources, coastal zones, and human health. Sewage and poor watershed management lead to impoverishment of inland water resources and degradation of coastal zones. Here we review the N contents of rivers of the three most important watersheds in South America: the Amazon, La Plata, and Orinoco basins. To evaluate potential impacts on coastal zones, we also present data on small- and medium-sized Venezuelan watersheds that drain into the Caribbean Sea and are impacted by anthropogenic activities. Median concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were 325 μ g L ^−1 and 275 μ g L ^−1 in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, respectively, increasing to nearly 850 μ g L ^−1 in La Plata Basin rivers and 2000 μ g L ^−1 in small northern Venezuelan watersheds. The median TDN yield of Amazon Basin rivers (approximately 4 kg ha ^−1 yr ^−1 ) was larger than TDN yields of undisturbed rivers of the La Plata and Orinoco basins; however, TDN yields of polluted rivers were much higher than those of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. Organic matter loads from natural and anthropogenic sources in rivers of South America strongly influence the N dynamics of this region.
Nitrogen management challenges in major watersheds of South America
Mercedes M C Bustamante (author) / Luiz Antonio Martinelli (author) / Tibisay Pérez (author) / Rafael Rasse (author) / Jean Pierre H B Ometto (author) / Felipe Siqueira Pacheco (author) / Silvia Rafaela Machado Lins (author) / Sorena Marquina (author)
2015
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
Unknown
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