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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Black liquor gasification with calcium looping for carbon-negative pulp and paper industry
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-9204
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-8815
Highlights Black liquor gasification was coupled with calcium looping. Calcium looping for CO2 capture and H2 production was compared. CO2 capture route (39 €/t) was less expensive than H2 production route (48.8 €/t). CO2 avoided cost was highly dependent on capital cost of black liquor gasification. Export of H2 had the lowest CO2 avoided cost among black liquor gasification cases.
Abstract Although considered one of the major energy-intensive industries (EIIs), the pulp and paper industry has also the potential for energy production from an industrial waste, black liquor. This study proposes black liquor gasification (BLG) coupled with calcium looping (CaL) as a CO2 capture route for the pulp and paper industry. BLG with H2 production (BLG-CaL-H2), BLG with gas turbine combined cycle (BLG-CaL-GT) or with solid oxide fuel cell (BLG-CaL-SOFC) were considered. The dependence of carbon capture and storage (CCS) cost on the natural gas, limestone, electricity imported and H2 sale prices aside the expenditures related with BLG-CaL were evaluated. The CCS route, based on CaL retrofitted to the pulp and paper plant, was found to have a lower cost of CO2 avoided (39.0 €/tCO2) when compared with BLG-CaL (48.8–57.1 €/tCO2). Between the BLG-CaL scenarios, BLG-CaL-H2 presented the lowest cost of CO2 avoided (48.8 €/tCO2) but the highest energy penalty. Based on the thermodynamic performance, it was shown that CaL retrofit and BLG-CaL-SOFC presented the best overall performance, turning the electricity importer reference plant into electricity exporter. The economic sensitivity showed that the capital requirement of BLG-CaL has a strong effect on the cost of CO2 avoided for all alternatives. The H2 production is also strongly affected by the H2 sale price while BLG-CaL-SOFC and BLG-CaL-GT are strongly dependent on natural gas price.
Black liquor gasification with calcium looping for carbon-negative pulp and paper industry
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-9204
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-8815
Highlights Black liquor gasification was coupled with calcium looping. Calcium looping for CO2 capture and H2 production was compared. CO2 capture route (39 €/t) was less expensive than H2 production route (48.8 €/t). CO2 avoided cost was highly dependent on capital cost of black liquor gasification. Export of H2 had the lowest CO2 avoided cost among black liquor gasification cases.
Abstract Although considered one of the major energy-intensive industries (EIIs), the pulp and paper industry has also the potential for energy production from an industrial waste, black liquor. This study proposes black liquor gasification (BLG) coupled with calcium looping (CaL) as a CO2 capture route for the pulp and paper industry. BLG with H2 production (BLG-CaL-H2), BLG with gas turbine combined cycle (BLG-CaL-GT) or with solid oxide fuel cell (BLG-CaL-SOFC) were considered. The dependence of carbon capture and storage (CCS) cost on the natural gas, limestone, electricity imported and H2 sale prices aside the expenditures related with BLG-CaL were evaluated. The CCS route, based on CaL retrofitted to the pulp and paper plant, was found to have a lower cost of CO2 avoided (39.0 €/tCO2) when compared with BLG-CaL (48.8–57.1 €/tCO2). Between the BLG-CaL scenarios, BLG-CaL-H2 presented the lowest cost of CO2 avoided (48.8 €/tCO2) but the highest energy penalty. Based on the thermodynamic performance, it was shown that CaL retrofit and BLG-CaL-SOFC presented the best overall performance, turning the electricity importer reference plant into electricity exporter. The economic sensitivity showed that the capital requirement of BLG-CaL has a strong effect on the cost of CO2 avoided for all alternatives. The H2 production is also strongly affected by the H2 sale price while BLG-CaL-SOFC and BLG-CaL-GT are strongly dependent on natural gas price.
Black liquor gasification with calcium looping for carbon-negative pulp and paper industry
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-9204
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-8815
Highlights Black liquor gasification was coupled with calcium looping. Calcium looping for CO2 capture and H2 production was compared. CO2 capture route (39 €/t) was less expensive than H2 production route (48.8 €/t). CO2 avoided cost was highly dependent on capital cost of black liquor gasification. Export of H2 had the lowest CO2 avoided cost among black liquor gasification cases.
Abstract Although considered one of the major energy-intensive industries (EIIs), the pulp and paper industry has also the potential for energy production from an industrial waste, black liquor. This study proposes black liquor gasification (BLG) coupled with calcium looping (CaL) as a CO2 capture route for the pulp and paper industry. BLG with H2 production (BLG-CaL-H2), BLG with gas turbine combined cycle (BLG-CaL-GT) or with solid oxide fuel cell (BLG-CaL-SOFC) were considered. The dependence of carbon capture and storage (CCS) cost on the natural gas, limestone, electricity imported and H2 sale prices aside the expenditures related with BLG-CaL were evaluated. The CCS route, based on CaL retrofitted to the pulp and paper plant, was found to have a lower cost of CO2 avoided (39.0 €/tCO2) when compared with BLG-CaL (48.8–57.1 €/tCO2). Between the BLG-CaL scenarios, BLG-CaL-H2 presented the lowest cost of CO2 avoided (48.8 €/tCO2) but the highest energy penalty. Based on the thermodynamic performance, it was shown that CaL retrofit and BLG-CaL-SOFC presented the best overall performance, turning the electricity importer reference plant into electricity exporter. The economic sensitivity showed that the capital requirement of BLG-CaL has a strong effect on the cost of CO2 avoided for all alternatives. The H2 production is also strongly affected by the H2 sale price while BLG-CaL-SOFC and BLG-CaL-GT are strongly dependent on natural gas price.
Black liquor gasification with calcium looping for carbon-negative pulp and paper industry
Santos, Mónica P.S. (author) / Manovic, Vasilije (author) / Hanak, Dawid P. (author)
2021-08-18
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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