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CFD model for large hazardous dense cloud spread predictions, with particular reference to Bhopal disaster
Abstract A volumetric source based CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model for estimating the wind and gravity driven spread of an elevated released dense hazardous cloud on a flat terrain without and with obstacles is demonstrated. The model considers the development of a worst-case scenario similar to that occurred at Bhopal. Fully developed clouds of a dense gas having different densities, under ABL (Atmospheric Boundary Layer) with calm ground wind conditions are first obtained. These clouds are then allowed to spread under ABL with different ground wind speeds and gravity conditions. The developed model is validated by performing the grid independent study, the fluid dynamical evidences, post-disaster facts, the downwind MIC (Methyl Isocynate) concentrations estimated by earlier models and experiments on dense plume trajectories. It is shown that in case of an active dispersion under calm wind conditions the lateral spread would prevail over the downwind spread. The presence of a dense medium behaves like a weak porous media and initiates turbulence at much smaller downwind distances than that normally would occur without the dense medium. The safety distances from toxic exposures of MIC are predicted by specifying an isosurface of a minimum concentration above the ground surface. Discrepancies in near-field predictions still exist. However, the far-field predictions agree well with data published before.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Volumetric source based CFD model is developed for hazardous cloud spread predictions. Model considers varying density gases spread under different ground wind conditions. Depending on an isosurface of a defined concentration spread distances are predicted. The model is validated against post incident facts and standard model results. The far-field predictions are fairly in agreement with earlier published data.
CFD model for large hazardous dense cloud spread predictions, with particular reference to Bhopal disaster
Abstract A volumetric source based CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model for estimating the wind and gravity driven spread of an elevated released dense hazardous cloud on a flat terrain without and with obstacles is demonstrated. The model considers the development of a worst-case scenario similar to that occurred at Bhopal. Fully developed clouds of a dense gas having different densities, under ABL (Atmospheric Boundary Layer) with calm ground wind conditions are first obtained. These clouds are then allowed to spread under ABL with different ground wind speeds and gravity conditions. The developed model is validated by performing the grid independent study, the fluid dynamical evidences, post-disaster facts, the downwind MIC (Methyl Isocynate) concentrations estimated by earlier models and experiments on dense plume trajectories. It is shown that in case of an active dispersion under calm wind conditions the lateral spread would prevail over the downwind spread. The presence of a dense medium behaves like a weak porous media and initiates turbulence at much smaller downwind distances than that normally would occur without the dense medium. The safety distances from toxic exposures of MIC are predicted by specifying an isosurface of a minimum concentration above the ground surface. Discrepancies in near-field predictions still exist. However, the far-field predictions agree well with data published before.
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Volumetric source based CFD model is developed for hazardous cloud spread predictions. Model considers varying density gases spread under different ground wind conditions. Depending on an isosurface of a defined concentration spread distances are predicted. The model is validated against post incident facts and standard model results. The far-field predictions are fairly in agreement with earlier published data.
CFD model for large hazardous dense cloud spread predictions, with particular reference to Bhopal disaster
Mishra, Kirti Bhushan (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 117 ; 74-91
2015-06-19
18 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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